The agitating doctors and students of the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH) in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu, have finally agreed to resume services from Thursday.
The talks between the agitators and the hospital management held Wednesday arrived at an agreement to resume services after 18 days of stand-off. The two sides also agreed to form an investigation committee to look into alleged irregularities in entrance examinations. The agitators have withdrawn their demands for resignation of the dean of the Institute of Medicine.
The investigation committee is led by a former education secretary, which has been mandated to submit the investigation report within the next two weeks.
The Kathmandu District Administration on Tuesday had instructed to resume services at the hospital at the earliest possible.
Earlier today, attendants of the patients who had come for treatment at the hospital, in support of the locals, attacked some doctors this morning. Following the attacks, security at the hospital has heightened.
There were brief clashes between the locals and the police. The hospital remains tense Wednesday afternoon following the clashes.
The locals had locked up the doctors inside the hospital for a few hours on Sunday demanding resumption of services and threatened to evict them from their quarters and hostel if they did not resume the services.
In the morning, the agitating doctors took out a silent rally in the hospital premises and vowed not to let the hospital open until their demands are met. They also threatened to resign en masse' if the authorities tried to open the hospital by using force.
On the contrary, senior doctors of the hospital met education minister Sharvendra Nath Sukla Wednesday morning and said they would try to resume the services by Wednesday evening if the government takes some positive steps towards solving the problem.
Students and faculty of the TU's Institute of Medicine (IOM) started the agitation on March 14 accusing of irregularities in the entrance examinations conducted for MS and MD on March 13 and 14. They demanded for the annulment of the entrance exams, resignation of IOM Dean and Assistant Dean and an independent probe on the alleged leakage of question papers before the exams.
TU has already annulled the controversial examination and also formed a probe committee on the incident.
The agitating doctors had now demanded for another probe saying the previous probe committee did not dwell on their demands. Although, talks were held among the agitating doctors, the IOM Dean and the hospital management this morning, it failed to bring any outcome. Preparations are underway for another round of talks.
Meanwhile, Nepal Medical Association (NMA) has condemned the attacks on doctors and urged for action against those involved in violent activities
Wednesday, March 31, 2010
Nepal drubs HK for superb start to ACC Trophy
KATHMANDU: Nepal thrashed defending champions Hong Kong by a wide margin of 118 runs in the opening match of the ACC Trophy 2010 Elite in Kuwait on Wednesday, to take off to a flying start.
Chasing the huge score of the 237 runs for a win, Hong Kong was bowled out for just 118 runs in 33.3 overs. To achieve the easy victory, Nepal's Mehboob Alam claimed three of Hong Kong's wickets while Basant Regmi, Binod Das, Paras Khadka and Shakti Gauchan each claimed a wicket.
Earlier, after winning the toss, Nepal elected to bat first and scored 236 runs for the loss of 7 wickets in 50 overs. In Nepal's innings, Man of the Match Anil Mandal scored 72 runs while Shakti Gauchan scored 65. They added 118 runs for the second wicket partnership.
Mehboob Alam notched 31runs and Dipendra Chaudhary and Binod Das remained not out with 28 and 11runs respectively. Hong Kong´s Nadeem Ahmed grabbed three Nepali wickets. Nepal will next play Oman on April 2.
Chasing the huge score of the 237 runs for a win, Hong Kong was bowled out for just 118 runs in 33.3 overs. To achieve the easy victory, Nepal's Mehboob Alam claimed three of Hong Kong's wickets while Basant Regmi, Binod Das, Paras Khadka and Shakti Gauchan each claimed a wicket.
Earlier, after winning the toss, Nepal elected to bat first and scored 236 runs for the loss of 7 wickets in 50 overs. In Nepal's innings, Man of the Match Anil Mandal scored 72 runs while Shakti Gauchan scored 65. They added 118 runs for the second wicket partnership.
Mehboob Alam notched 31runs and Dipendra Chaudhary and Binod Das remained not out with 28 and 11runs respectively. Hong Kong´s Nadeem Ahmed grabbed three Nepali wickets. Nepal will next play Oman on April 2.
Bhattarai warns of Peoples War repeat
KATHMANDU: In the backdrop of the country’s recent political climate, UCPN-Maoist vice-chair Dr Baburam Bhattarai Wednesday warned that the prospect of another bloody civil war is not a mere illusion.
Referring to the recent controversial statements made by former king Gyanendra and aging leader, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, the Maoist second-in-command said the recent activities of regressive elements have cast doubts on whether the decade-long insurgency has faded away for good.
Bhattarai warned those statements indicate that the country is headed for a fiery confrontation which he said would be between revolutionary and counter-revolutionary forces.
Speaking at a function in Kathmandu, the Maoist vice chairman stressed on the need to democratise the national army and integrate the PLA fighters hand in hand.
Bhattarai also said it is wrong to give full credit to the people’s movement for the current political change as doing so, he claimed, would do injustice to the contribution of the ‘people’s war.’
Referring to the recent controversial statements made by former king Gyanendra and aging leader, Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, the Maoist second-in-command said the recent activities of regressive elements have cast doubts on whether the decade-long insurgency has faded away for good.
Bhattarai warned those statements indicate that the country is headed for a fiery confrontation which he said would be between revolutionary and counter-revolutionary forces.
Speaking at a function in Kathmandu, the Maoist vice chairman stressed on the need to democratise the national army and integrate the PLA fighters hand in hand.
Bhattarai also said it is wrong to give full credit to the people’s movement for the current political change as doing so, he claimed, would do injustice to the contribution of the ‘people’s war.’
Ten youth organisations demand action against former King
Ten youth organisations affiliated to various political parties including Unified CPN (Maoist), CPN (UML) and Nepali Congress (NC) have demanded for action against former King Gyanendra Shah for his statement about monarchy at a television interview, Tuesday.
The youth organisations have asked the government to detain the former King and curtail all facilities provided to him by the state for giving expression against democratic republic.
Shah, in an interview in Janakpur with Avenues TV last week, had said it would be hypothetical to say monarchy in Nepal has been finished.
A joint meeting of the youth organisations in Kathmandu on Tuesday concluded former King Shah's expression that the monarchy had not ended completely and former Prime Minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai's call for revival of the 1990 constitution were aimed at derailing the constitution drafting and peace process.
Few days after the former King's interview former Prime Minister Bhattarai had issued a press statement calling for the revival of the 1990 constitution and the reinstatement of Hindu state saying a new constitution within May 28 is unlikely.
The meeting with representatives from Maoists' Young Communists League (YCL), Nepali Congress' Tarun Dal, CPN (UML)'s Youth Federation Nepal, and Madhesi Janadhikar Forum's Madhesi Youth Forum, among others, has also decided to organise a joint rally from Ratnapark to Naya Baneshwar on April 4 and submit a memorandum to Constituent Assembly chairman Subash Chandra Nemwang for a timely constitution.
The youth organisations have also accused the Ministry of Youth and Sports of bringing out youth policy against their suggestions and irregularities in the budget earmarked for youth welfare programmes. They have decided to submit a memorandum to the ministry on this
The youth organisations have asked the government to detain the former King and curtail all facilities provided to him by the state for giving expression against democratic republic.
Shah, in an interview in Janakpur with Avenues TV last week, had said it would be hypothetical to say monarchy in Nepal has been finished.
A joint meeting of the youth organisations in Kathmandu on Tuesday concluded former King Shah's expression that the monarchy had not ended completely and former Prime Minister Krishna Prasad Bhattarai's call for revival of the 1990 constitution were aimed at derailing the constitution drafting and peace process.
Few days after the former King's interview former Prime Minister Bhattarai had issued a press statement calling for the revival of the 1990 constitution and the reinstatement of Hindu state saying a new constitution within May 28 is unlikely.
The meeting with representatives from Maoists' Young Communists League (YCL), Nepali Congress' Tarun Dal, CPN (UML)'s Youth Federation Nepal, and Madhesi Janadhikar Forum's Madhesi Youth Forum, among others, has also decided to organise a joint rally from Ratnapark to Naya Baneshwar on April 4 and submit a memorandum to Constituent Assembly chairman Subash Chandra Nemwang for a timely constitution.
The youth organisations have also accused the Ministry of Youth and Sports of bringing out youth policy against their suggestions and irregularities in the budget earmarked for youth welfare programmes. They have decided to submit a memorandum to the ministry on this
Tuesday, March 30, 2010
AI concerned over Nepali migrant workers arrested in Malaysia
Amnesty International (AI) has expressed its concern over the status of 500 Nepalese illegal migrants caught by Malaysian authorities since the crackdown began at the end of February.
Michael Bocheneck, author of an AI report and director of policy, said immigration raids targeted both documented as well as undocumented workers.
"Regardless of immigration status, nobody should be subjected to arbitrary arrest or terrible detention conditions," he added.
A press release issued by AI Nepal states that migrant workers who have authorisation to work in Malaysia often possess only the photocopies of their passports and work permits and authorities frequently do not accept photocopied documents as proof of lawful status.
Rameshwar Nepal, director of AI Nepal, said it was time for both the Nepalese and Malaysian governments to broker a more equitable deal for migrants working in the South East Asian country to ensure the rights of the workers
Michael Bocheneck, author of an AI report and director of policy, said immigration raids targeted both documented as well as undocumented workers.
"Regardless of immigration status, nobody should be subjected to arbitrary arrest or terrible detention conditions," he added.
A press release issued by AI Nepal states that migrant workers who have authorisation to work in Malaysia often possess only the photocopies of their passports and work permits and authorities frequently do not accept photocopied documents as proof of lawful status.
Rameshwar Nepal, director of AI Nepal, said it was time for both the Nepalese and Malaysian governments to broker a more equitable deal for migrants working in the South East Asian country to ensure the rights of the workers
Woman nabbed with precious metals
INARUWA: Police arrested a woman with valuable metal wares worth over Rs. 10 million in Dharan, Sunsari on Tuesday.
According to Inspector of Area Police Office Dharan, Durga Dahal, Poonam Baraili 40, of Chandranigahapur, Rautahat was arrested with the valuable metal goods at Nirajanbasti in Dharan.
The police confiscated gold and silver plates, boxes, anklets and wares used in religious worship from her. The woman claimed that she found the items in a container discarded in a dumping site.
According to Inspector of Area Police Office Dharan, Durga Dahal, Poonam Baraili 40, of Chandranigahapur, Rautahat was arrested with the valuable metal goods at Nirajanbasti in Dharan.
The police confiscated gold and silver plates, boxes, anklets and wares used in religious worship from her. The woman claimed that she found the items in a container discarded in a dumping site.
India grants Rs. 4.6 crore visual aid to Nepal
KATHMANDU: Indian government provided an assistance of NRs 4.60 crores to Nepal Netra Jyoti Sangh (NNJS) on Monday.
A memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between the Embassy of India, Kathmandu with the NNJS for providing grant assistance of Rs. 1.03 crore to NNJS for conducting mobile screening camps in different schools in Nepal during the years 2009-11, a release issued by the embassy said.
As per the MoU, the Indian government will provide assistance of NRs 1.03 crores to NNJS to distribute 9,000 optical devices to the visually impaired children and low vision dispensing device to 300 children through mobile screening camps in various schools during 2009-11, the release said, adding that the Indian government will also provide an additional assistance of NRs 3.57 crores for trachoma and cataract surgeries through field camps.
The Indian government has been providing assistance to the NNJS for the eye care programme through country-wide free eye-camps organised as part of the India-Nepal Economic Cooperation Programme for the past eight years, the statement reads, adding that over 75,000 people were cured for cataract and trachoma under the programme and optical devices have been distributed to over 18,000 school children with the assistance of Rs. 1.63 crore so far.
Over 370 projects are being implemented under Indian assistance in all districts of Nepal in various sectors including education, health and infrastructure and community development, the release said.
A memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed between the Embassy of India, Kathmandu with the NNJS for providing grant assistance of Rs. 1.03 crore to NNJS for conducting mobile screening camps in different schools in Nepal during the years 2009-11, a release issued by the embassy said.
As per the MoU, the Indian government will provide assistance of NRs 1.03 crores to NNJS to distribute 9,000 optical devices to the visually impaired children and low vision dispensing device to 300 children through mobile screening camps in various schools during 2009-11, the release said, adding that the Indian government will also provide an additional assistance of NRs 3.57 crores for trachoma and cataract surgeries through field camps.
The Indian government has been providing assistance to the NNJS for the eye care programme through country-wide free eye-camps organised as part of the India-Nepal Economic Cooperation Programme for the past eight years, the statement reads, adding that over 75,000 people were cured for cataract and trachoma under the programme and optical devices have been distributed to over 18,000 school children with the assistance of Rs. 1.63 crore so far.
Over 370 projects are being implemented under Indian assistance in all districts of Nepal in various sectors including education, health and infrastructure and community development, the release said.
Remote shutdown
XP PRO has a lot of fun utilities. One of the most useful ones I have found to date is the ability to remotely reboot a PC. There are 2 ways of doing this. You will need to have admin access to the PC to preform these actions. That being said, here is the first way to do it:
Right click my computer, choose manage.
Highlight the Computer Management (Local) then click on Action, choose connect to another computer.
In the window that opens fill in the machine name of the PC you want to connect to and click ok.
Once connected right click on Computer Management (Remote machine name) and choose properties.
Go to the "Advanced" tab and click the Settings button under Start up and recovery.
Click on the Shutdown button.
Under action choose what you want to do (you can log off current user, shut down, restart, or power down. you can also choose if you want to force all applications to close, close hung apps, or wait for all apps to close by themselves).
The second way... Remember dos... that good old thing. Open up a command prompt and enter in the following:
%windir%\System32\shutdown.exe -r -m \\Machinename. The command prompt has more switches and options. I highly suggest using shutdown.exe /? to see all the posibilities.
Right click my computer, choose manage.
Highlight the Computer Management (Local) then click on Action, choose connect to another computer.
In the window that opens fill in the machine name of the PC you want to connect to and click ok.
Once connected right click on Computer Management (Remote machine name) and choose properties.
Go to the "Advanced" tab and click the Settings button under Start up and recovery.
Click on the Shutdown button.
Under action choose what you want to do (you can log off current user, shut down, restart, or power down. you can also choose if you want to force all applications to close, close hung apps, or wait for all apps to close by themselves).
The second way... Remember dos... that good old thing. Open up a command prompt and enter in the following:
%windir%\System32\shutdown.exe -r -m \\Machinename. The command prompt has more switches and options. I highly suggest using shutdown.exe /? to see all the posibilities.
How to Hide in the (Network) Neighborhood
on't want your XP computer to show up in the network browse list (Network Neighborhood/My Network Places) to other users on your network? One way to accomplish that is to disable file sharing. To do this, click Start, right click My Network Places and select Properties. Right click your local area connection and click Properties. Uncheck the box that says File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks. Click OK.
But what if you want to be able to share folders with some users; you just don't want everyone on the network to see your computer's shares? There's a way:
Click Start and select Run.
In the Run box, type net config server /hidden:yes
Click OK.
Now others who know the UNC path (\\computer name\share name) can connect to your computer's shares from the Run box, but it won't show up in the network browse list.
But what if you want to be able to share folders with some users; you just don't want everyone on the network to see your computer's shares? There's a way:
Click Start and select Run.
In the Run box, type net config server /hidden:yes
Click OK.
Now others who know the UNC path (\\computer name\share name) can connect to your computer's shares from the Run box, but it won't show up in the network browse list.
How to Get someones ISP password.
1.) run your telnet program:
on windows , go to START -> RUN -> "TELNET".
on linux , you should open a shell , and write telnet.
2.) then connect (on windows "connect" , on linux "open") some anonymous server , if don't have any then search for one , if you are too lame then email me now! i'll give you in the minute! note: you should connect the server mail program (port "25")!
3.) now , write the following :
mail from:[**YOUR FRIEND'S ISP WEBMASTER**]
rcpt to:[**YOUR FRIEND'S EMAIL ADRESS**]
data
Hi there [YOUR FRIEND'S NAME] , this is [NAME OF YOUR FRIEND'S ISP] support team , lately , our server had some problems with the connection and the user-password files were destroyed , a backup was then released , and it was ok.
but yesterday we found out that it is not an updated version of the file , so , it will start charging you for a larger amount of money for each our you use!
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
To correct the problem , we have made a speical program to correct the error , all YOU have to do is email :
"[**YOUR'S FRIEND'S ISP NAME**]@GalaxyCorp.Com" and in the SUBJECT write your "user name" and "password".
note: No moeny will be returned if you don't follow our instructions!
thank you,
the support team!
4.) press enter twice and then write "."(without the "") and press ENTER!
-now , the places you saw ** say that maybe you didn't understood it all , so i'll give you a simple example .
[**YOUR FRIEND'S ISP WEBMASTER**] - example , if your friend is connected througe AOL , then type "webmaster@aol.com" , get it?
[**YOUR FRIEND'S EMAIL ADRESS**] - example , if your friend's email is john@aol.com, then type john@aol.com.
[YOUR FRIEND'S NAME] - if your friend is called "John" then type "John".
[NAME OF YOUR FRIEND'S ISP] - if your friend is connected through AOL(American Online) , then type "American - Online"
"[**YOUR'S FRIEND'S ISP NAME**]@GalaxyCorp.Com" - this is the hard-part , but if you are reading this , then don't worry , you're one step from the end! ..
* launch your WWW browser(MICROSOFT INTERNET EXPLORER\NETSCAPE) , and type http://www.galaxycorp.com/.
* Sign there for an account , now , when they ask you what username you want, then try the closest thing to your ISP name(ex - if your friend is connected thourgh American Online[AOL] then try "aol" or "a_o_l" or "american_online" !)
* and when they ask for your email , type your Real one!!!
now continue in your normal life , and remember to read your email!
if you suddenly get a message from your friend's email adress , and the subject is "john j4o87HnzG" then , guess what , you just saved 10$ a month!
on windows , go to START -> RUN -> "TELNET".
on linux , you should open a shell , and write telnet.
2.) then connect (on windows "connect" , on linux "open") some anonymous server , if don't have any then search for one , if you are too lame then email me now! i'll give you in the minute! note: you should connect the server mail program (port "25")!
3.) now , write the following :
mail from:[**YOUR FRIEND'S ISP WEBMASTER**]
rcpt to:[**YOUR FRIEND'S EMAIL ADRESS**]
data
Hi there [YOUR FRIEND'S NAME] , this is [NAME OF YOUR FRIEND'S ISP] support team , lately , our server had some problems with the connection and the user-password files were destroyed , a backup was then released , and it was ok.
but yesterday we found out that it is not an updated version of the file , so , it will start charging you for a larger amount of money for each our you use!
- - - - - - - - - - - - - -
To correct the problem , we have made a speical program to correct the error , all YOU have to do is email :
"[**YOUR'S FRIEND'S ISP NAME**]@GalaxyCorp.Com" and in the SUBJECT write your "user name" and "password".
note: No moeny will be returned if you don't follow our instructions!
thank you,
the support team!
4.) press enter twice and then write "."(without the "") and press ENTER!
-now , the places you saw ** say that maybe you didn't understood it all , so i'll give you a simple example .
[**YOUR FRIEND'S ISP WEBMASTER**] - example , if your friend is connected througe AOL , then type "webmaster@aol.com" , get it?
[**YOUR FRIEND'S EMAIL ADRESS**] - example , if your friend's email is john@aol.com, then type john@aol.com.
[YOUR FRIEND'S NAME] - if your friend is called "John" then type "John".
[NAME OF YOUR FRIEND'S ISP] - if your friend is connected through AOL(American Online) , then type "American - Online"
"[**YOUR'S FRIEND'S ISP NAME**]@GalaxyCorp.Com" - this is the hard-part , but if you are reading this , then don't worry , you're one step from the end! ..
* launch your WWW browser(MICROSOFT INTERNET EXPLORER\NETSCAPE) , and type http://www.galaxycorp.com/.
* Sign there for an account , now , when they ask you what username you want, then try the closest thing to your ISP name(ex - if your friend is connected thourgh American Online[AOL] then try "aol" or "a_o_l" or "american_online" !)
* and when they ask for your email , type your Real one!!!
now continue in your normal life , and remember to read your email!
if you suddenly get a message from your friend's email adress , and the subject is "john j4o87HnzG" then , guess what , you just saved 10$ a month!
How To Block Websties Without Software, block websites
Steps:
1] Browse C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc
2] Find the file named "HOSTS"
3] Open it in notepad
4] Under "127.0.0.1 localhost" Add 127.0.0.2 www.sitenameyouwantblocked.com , and that site will no longer be accessable.
5] Done!
-So-
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.2 www.blockedsite.com
-->www.blockedsite.com is now unaccessable<--
For every site after that you want to add, just add "1" to the last number in the internal ip (127.0.0.2) and then the addy like before.
IE: 127.0.0.3 www.blablabla.com
127.0.0.4 www.blablabla.com
127.0.0.5 www.blablabla.com
etc
1] Browse C:\WINDOWS\system32\drivers\etc
2] Find the file named "HOSTS"
3] Open it in notepad
4] Under "127.0.0.1 localhost" Add 127.0.0.2 www.sitenameyouwantblocked.com , and that site will no longer be accessable.
5] Done!
-So-
127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.0.2 www.blockedsite.com
-->www.blockedsite.com is now unaccessable<--
For every site after that you want to add, just add "1" to the last number in the internal ip (127.0.0.2) and then the addy like before.
IE: 127.0.0.3 www.blablabla.com
127.0.0.4 www.blablabla.com
127.0.0.5 www.blablabla.com
etc
How do I overburn a CD with Nero?
Start Nero
From the action-bar select File and select Preferences.
In the Preferences window, select Expert Features(1) and check the Enable overburn disc-at-once(2).
Choose a Maximum CD Length(3) and click OK(4) (*82:59:59 is the maximum value I suggest, but as you can see from the screen capture above I have set mine significantly higher. The reason is because I frequently use 99min 850 MB CD media).
For a more accurate test you can use a nero tool called nero speed test to see how much a specific CD is capable of being overburned . get it here
From the action-bar select File and select Write CD.
A window will appear when you have exceeded expected length, click OK to start the overburn copy.
Remember to set disk to burn Disc at Once, you cannot overburn in Track at Once Mode.
From the action-bar select File and select Preferences.
In the Preferences window, select Expert Features(1) and check the Enable overburn disc-at-once(2).
Choose a Maximum CD Length(3) and click OK(4) (*82:59:59 is the maximum value I suggest, but as you can see from the screen capture above I have set mine significantly higher. The reason is because I frequently use 99min 850 MB CD media).
For a more accurate test you can use a nero tool called nero speed test to see how much a specific CD is capable of being overburned . get it here
From the action-bar select File and select Write CD.
A window will appear when you have exceeded expected length, click OK to start the overburn copy.
Remember to set disk to burn Disc at Once, you cannot overburn in Track at Once Mode.
Boot Winxp Fast
Follow the following steps
1. Open notepad.exe, type "del c:\windows\prefetch\ntosboot-*.* /q" (without the quotes) & save as "ntosboot.bat" in c:\
2. From the Start menu, select "Run..." & type "gpedit.msc".
3. Double click "Windows Settings" under "Computer Configuration" and double click again on "Shutdown" in the right window.
4. In the new window, click "add", "Browse", locate your "ntosboot.bat" file & click "Open".
5. Click "OK", "Apply" & "OK" once again to exit.
6. From the Start menu, select "Run..." & type "devmgmt.msc".
7. Double click on "IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers"
8. Right click on "Primary IDE Channel" and select "Properties".
9. Select the "Advanced Settings" tab then on the device or 1 that doesn't have 'device type' greyed out select 'none' instead of 'autodetect' & click "OK".
10. Right click on "Secondary IDE channel", select "Properties" and repeat step 9.
11. Reboot your computer.
1. Open notepad.exe, type "del c:\windows\prefetch\ntosboot-*.* /q" (without the quotes) & save as "ntosboot.bat" in c:\
2. From the Start menu, select "Run..." & type "gpedit.msc".
3. Double click "Windows Settings" under "Computer Configuration" and double click again on "Shutdown" in the right window.
4. In the new window, click "add", "Browse", locate your "ntosboot.bat" file & click "Open".
5. Click "OK", "Apply" & "OK" once again to exit.
6. From the Start menu, select "Run..." & type "devmgmt.msc".
7. Double click on "IDE ATA/ATAPI controllers"
8. Right click on "Primary IDE Channel" and select "Properties".
9. Select the "Advanced Settings" tab then on the device or 1 that doesn't have 'device type' greyed out select 'none' instead of 'autodetect' & click "OK".
10. Right click on "Secondary IDE channel", select "Properties" and repeat step 9.
11. Reboot your computer.
Best Keyboard shortcut keys
Getting used to using your keyboard exclusively and leaving your mouse behind will make you much more efficient at performing any task on any Windows system. I use the following keyboard shortcuts every day:
Windows key + R = Run menu
This is usually followed by:
cmd = Command Prompt
iexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management
services.msc = Services
eventvwr = Event Viewer
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services
Windows key + E = Explorer
ALT + Tab = Switch between windows
ALT, Space, X = Maximize window
CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager
Windows key + Break = System propertie
Windows key + F = Search
Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows
CTRL + C = copy
CTRL + X = cut
CTRL + V = paste
Also don't forget about the "Right-click" key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you've opened up any program.
Keyboard Shortcuts
[Alt] and [Esc] Switch between running applications
[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter
[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu
[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)
[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window
[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document
Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word
Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph
[F1] Open Help for active application
Windows+M Minimize all open windows
Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows
Windows+F1 Open Windows Help
Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons
Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box
acessability shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds........ Switch FilterKeys on and off.
Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN....... Switch High Contrast on and off.
Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK....... Switch MouseKeys on and off.
SHIFT....... five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.
NUM LOCK...... for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.
explorer shortcuts
END....... Display the bottom of the active window.
HOME....... Display the top of the active window.
NUM LOCK+ASTERISK....... on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.
LEFT ARROW...... Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder.
RIGHT ARROW....... Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder.
Type the following commands in your Run Box (Windows Key + R) or Start Run
devmgmt.msc = Device Manager
msinfo32 = System Informatio
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc = Microsoft Management Console
excel = Microsoft Excel (If Installed)
msaccess = Microsoft Access (If Installed)
powerpnt = Microsoft PowerPoint (If Installed)
winword = Microsoft Word (If Installed)
frontpg = Microsoft FrontPage (If Installed)
notepad = Notepad
wordpad = WordPad
calc = Calculator
msmsgs = Windows Messenger
mspaint = Microsoft Paint
wmplayer = Windows Media Player
rstrui = System Restore
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x
netscp = Netscape 7.x
netscape = Netscape 4.x
waol = America Online
control = Opens the Control Panel
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog
internetbrowser
type in u're adress "google", then press [Right CTRL] and [Enter]
add www. and .com to word and go to it
For Windows XP:
Copy. CTRL+C
Cut. CTRL+X
Paste. CTRL+V
Undo. CTRL+Z
Delete. DELETE
Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin. SHIFT+DELETE
Copy selected item. CTRL while dragging an item
Create shortcut to selected item. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item
Rename selected item. F2
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph. CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph. CTRL+UP ARROW
Highlight a block of text. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document. SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select all. CTRL+A
Search for a file or folder. F3
View properties for the selected item. ALT+ENTER
Close the active item, or quit the active program. ALT+F4
Opens the shortcut menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Close the active document in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously. CTRL+F4
Switch between open items. ALT+TAB
Cycle through items in the order they were opened. ALT+ESC
Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop. F6
Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer. F4
Display the shortcut menu for the selected item. SHIFT+F10
Display the System menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Display the Start menu. CTRL+ESC
Display the corresponding menu. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu nameCarry out the corresponding command. Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu
Activate the menu bar in the active program. F10
Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu. RIGHT ARROW
Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu. LEFT ARROW
Refresh the active window. F5
View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer. BACKSPACE
Cancel the current task. ESC
SHIFT when you insert a CD into the CD-ROM drive Prevent the CD from automatically playing.
Use these keyboard shortcuts for dialog boxes:
To Press
Move forward through tabs. CTRL+TAB
Move backward through tabs. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move forward through options. TAB
Move backward through options. SHIFT+TAB
Carry out the corresponding command or select the corresponding option. ALT+Underlined letter
Carry out the command for the active option or button. ENTER
Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box. SPACEBAR
Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons. Arrow keys
Display Help. F1
Display the items in the active list. F4
Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box. BACKSPACE
If you have a Microsoft Natural Keyboard, or any other compatible keyboard that includes the Windows logo key and the Application key , you can use these keyboard shortcuts:
Display or hide the Start menu. WIN Key
Display the System Properties dialog box. WIN Key+BREAK
Show the desktop. WIN Key+D
Minimize all windows. WIN Key+M
Restores minimized windows. WIN Key+Shift+M
Open My Computer. WIN Key+E
Search for a file or folder. WIN Key+F
Search for computers. CTRL+WIN Key+F
Display Windows Help. WIN Key+F1
Lock your computer if you are connected to a network domain, or switch users if you are not connected to a network domain. WIN Key+ L
Open the Run dialog box. WIN Key+R
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U
accessibility keyboard shortcuts:
Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds
Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN
Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK
Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times
Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U
shortcuts you can use with Windows Explorer:
Display the bottom of the active window. END
Display the top of the active window. HOME
Display all subfolders under the selected folder. NUM LOCK+ASTERISK on numeric keypad (*)
Display the contents of the selected folder. NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN on numeric keypad (+)
Collapse the selected folder. NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN on numeric keypad (-)
Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder. LEFT ARROW
Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder. RIGHT ARROW
Windows key + R = Run menu
This is usually followed by:
cmd = Command Prompt
iexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management
services.msc = Services
eventvwr = Event Viewer
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services
Windows key + E = Explorer
ALT + Tab = Switch between windows
ALT, Space, X = Maximize window
CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager
Windows key + Break = System propertie
Windows key + F = Search
Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows
CTRL + C = copy
CTRL + X = cut
CTRL + V = paste
Also don't forget about the "Right-click" key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you've opened up any program.
Keyboard Shortcuts
[Alt] and [Esc] Switch between running applications
[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter
[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu
[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)
[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window
[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document
Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word
Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph
[F1] Open Help for active application
Windows+M Minimize all open windows
Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows
Windows+F1 Open Windows Help
Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons
Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box
acessability shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds........ Switch FilterKeys on and off.
Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN....... Switch High Contrast on and off.
Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK....... Switch MouseKeys on and off.
SHIFT....... five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.
NUM LOCK...... for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.
explorer shortcuts
END....... Display the bottom of the active window.
HOME....... Display the top of the active window.
NUM LOCK+ASTERISK....... on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.
LEFT ARROW...... Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder.
RIGHT ARROW....... Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder.
Type the following commands in your Run Box (Windows Key + R) or Start Run
devmgmt.msc = Device Manager
msinfo32 = System Informatio
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc = Microsoft Management Console
excel = Microsoft Excel (If Installed)
msaccess = Microsoft Access (If Installed)
powerpnt = Microsoft PowerPoint (If Installed)
winword = Microsoft Word (If Installed)
frontpg = Microsoft FrontPage (If Installed)
notepad = Notepad
wordpad = WordPad
calc = Calculator
msmsgs = Windows Messenger
mspaint = Microsoft Paint
wmplayer = Windows Media Player
rstrui = System Restore
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x
netscp = Netscape 7.x
netscape = Netscape 4.x
waol = America Online
control = Opens the Control Panel
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog
internetbrowser
type in u're adress "google", then press [Right CTRL] and [Enter]
add www. and .com to word and go to it
For Windows XP:
Copy. CTRL+C
Cut. CTRL+X
Paste. CTRL+V
Undo. CTRL+Z
Delete. DELETE
Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin. SHIFT+DELETE
Copy selected item. CTRL while dragging an item
Create shortcut to selected item. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item
Rename selected item. F2
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph. CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph. CTRL+UP ARROW
Highlight a block of text. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document. SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select all. CTRL+A
Search for a file or folder. F3
View properties for the selected item. ALT+ENTER
Close the active item, or quit the active program. ALT+F4
Opens the shortcut menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Close the active document in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously. CTRL+F4
Switch between open items. ALT+TAB
Cycle through items in the order they were opened. ALT+ESC
Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop. F6
Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer. F4
Display the shortcut menu for the selected item. SHIFT+F10
Display the System menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Display the Start menu. CTRL+ESC
Display the corresponding menu. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu nameCarry out the corresponding command. Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu
Activate the menu bar in the active program. F10
Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu. RIGHT ARROW
Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu. LEFT ARROW
Refresh the active window. F5
View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer. BACKSPACE
Cancel the current task. ESC
SHIFT when you insert a CD into the CD-ROM drive Prevent the CD from automatically playing.
Use these keyboard shortcuts for dialog boxes:
To Press
Move forward through tabs. CTRL+TAB
Move backward through tabs. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move forward through options. TAB
Move backward through options. SHIFT+TAB
Carry out the corresponding command or select the corresponding option. ALT+Underlined letter
Carry out the command for the active option or button. ENTER
Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box. SPACEBAR
Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons. Arrow keys
Display Help. F1
Display the items in the active list. F4
Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box. BACKSPACE
If you have a Microsoft Natural Keyboard, or any other compatible keyboard that includes the Windows logo key and the Application key , you can use these keyboard shortcuts:
Display or hide the Start menu. WIN Key
Display the System Properties dialog box. WIN Key+BREAK
Show the desktop. WIN Key+D
Minimize all windows. WIN Key+M
Restores minimized windows. WIN Key+Shift+M
Open My Computer. WIN Key+E
Search for a file or folder. WIN Key+F
Search for computers. CTRL+WIN Key+F
Display Windows Help. WIN Key+F1
Lock your computer if you are connected to a network domain, or switch users if you are not connected to a network domain. WIN Key+ L
Open the Run dialog box. WIN Key+R
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U
accessibility keyboard shortcuts:
Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds
Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN
Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK
Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times
Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U
shortcuts you can use with Windows Explorer:
Display the bottom of the active window. END
Display the top of the active window. HOME
Display all subfolders under the selected folder. NUM LOCK+ASTERISK on numeric keypad (*)
Display the contents of the selected folder. NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN on numeric keypad (+)
Collapse the selected folder. NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN on numeric keypad (-)
Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder. LEFT ARROW
Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder. RIGHT ARROW
8 People Can Use The Same Msn Dial Up Account
Its easy really. want to have an entire family on dial-up with just one bill?
step one. purchase 20 dollar a month subscription to MSN unlimited access dial up. This will include an MSN 9 cd which you will need. With the software installed, fill up your secondary account slots with new users. Make sure you pick @msn if it gives you the choice, hotmail email addresses will not work..
say the secondary account is johnsmith@msn.com type in the Dial up connection
USER : MSN/johnsmith
PASS: ******* (whatever)
connect to your local msn phone number and the other people you gave secondary accounts to will be able to do the same, while you are connected. Its a sweet deal considering everyone is paying about 2 bucks a month for internet access, especially if you cannot get broadband. if you wanted to sell off the access to people you could actually make money doing this.. but i do not suggest it.
I used to be an msn tech and this was a little known secret even to most of the employees.
After you do this you do not need the software any more. I would suggest keeping it on to micromanage everyone else's accounts. and for the simple fact that if they don't pitch in, cut them off HEHEHE
step one. purchase 20 dollar a month subscription to MSN unlimited access dial up. This will include an MSN 9 cd which you will need. With the software installed, fill up your secondary account slots with new users. Make sure you pick @msn if it gives you the choice, hotmail email addresses will not work..
say the secondary account is johnsmith@msn.com type in the Dial up connection
USER : MSN/johnsmith
PASS: ******* (whatever)
connect to your local msn phone number and the other people you gave secondary accounts to will be able to do the same, while you are connected. Its a sweet deal considering everyone is paying about 2 bucks a month for internet access, especially if you cannot get broadband. if you wanted to sell off the access to people you could actually make money doing this.. but i do not suggest it.
I used to be an msn tech and this was a little known secret even to most of the employees.
After you do this you do not need the software any more. I would suggest keeping it on to micromanage everyone else's accounts. and for the simple fact that if they don't pitch in, cut them off HEHEHE
Monday, March 29, 2010
ANTUF shuts down industries against murder of its leader; enforces 3 hrs nationwide 'chakka jam'
The Maoist trade union, All Nepal Trade Union Federation (ANTUF), has closed down factories and industries across the country and has announced three-hour long nationwide 'chakka jam' (vehicle strike) in protest against the murder of its central leader Ram Ayodhi Yadav in Siraha three days ago.
Industries remain closed in all major towns due to the strike while ANTUF members staged demonstrations in several industrial estates.
Likewise, the Maoist trade union is enforcing three-hour chakka jam across the country to protest the killing. The chakka jam in Kathmandu started at 12:00 pm.
Yadav, coordinator of the UCPN (Maoist)'s Mithila State Committee, was shot dead by unidentified persons during a local fair.
Industries remain closed in all major towns due to the strike while ANTUF members staged demonstrations in several industrial estates.
Likewise, the Maoist trade union is enforcing three-hour chakka jam across the country to protest the killing. The chakka jam in Kathmandu started at 12:00 pm.
Yadav, coordinator of the UCPN (Maoist)'s Mithila State Committee, was shot dead by unidentified persons during a local fair.
PM harps on Maoist role in new statute
KATHMANDU: PM Madhav Kumar Nepal Monday reassured political leaders of promulgating the new statute within the stipulated timeframe should the UCPN Maoist, the major opposition, stand supportive in the task.
At a meeting held at the PM Office in Singha Durbar, PM Nepal said the Maoists have a pivotal role in making the task a success or not, an issue surrounded by mounting public speculation, of late.
PM Nepal also blamed the major opposition for creating unnecessary fuss about the change of guard in the government.
At a meeting held at the PM Office in Singha Durbar, PM Nepal said the Maoists have a pivotal role in making the task a success or not, an issue surrounded by mounting public speculation, of late.
PM Nepal also blamed the major opposition for creating unnecessary fuss about the change of guard in the government.
AISC instructs technical committee to prepare proposal for integration, rehabilitation of Maoist combatants
Army Integration Special Committee (AISC) has instructed its technical committee to prepare three separate proposals for the integration and rehabilitation of Maoist combatants staying in various cantonments across the country.
A meeting of the AISC held at the Prime Minister’s office, Singha Durbar Sunday has instructed the technical committee to prepare and submit within three days two separate proposals about how the government can support Maoist combatants who want to voluntarily join politics and those who want to be rehabilitated.
The committee has also instructed the technical committee to work out the criteria for integration for the Maoist combatants who want to be integrated in the security forces and prepare a proposal with suggestions and submit it to the committee at the earliest.
Speaking to journalists after the meeting Maoist representative at the committee Barsha Man Pun said, ‘the committee decided to direct the technical committee to prepare three separate proposals about integrating and rehabilitating the combatants.
Although, Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal proposed 3000 combatants be integrated in the army during the meeting, the Maoist representatives at the committee rejected it.
The Maoist representatives said, all the combatants verified by UNMIN, except those who back off voluntary, and choose to join politics or be rehabilitated, should be integrated in security forces.
The Maoist representatives also lamented that the government had politicised the upkeeping of the Maoist combatants by stopping their salaries
A meeting of the AISC held at the Prime Minister’s office, Singha Durbar Sunday has instructed the technical committee to prepare and submit within three days two separate proposals about how the government can support Maoist combatants who want to voluntarily join politics and those who want to be rehabilitated.
The committee has also instructed the technical committee to work out the criteria for integration for the Maoist combatants who want to be integrated in the security forces and prepare a proposal with suggestions and submit it to the committee at the earliest.
Speaking to journalists after the meeting Maoist representative at the committee Barsha Man Pun said, ‘the committee decided to direct the technical committee to prepare three separate proposals about integrating and rehabilitating the combatants.
Although, Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal proposed 3000 combatants be integrated in the army during the meeting, the Maoist representatives at the committee rejected it.
The Maoist representatives said, all the combatants verified by UNMIN, except those who back off voluntary, and choose to join politics or be rehabilitated, should be integrated in security forces.
The Maoist representatives also lamented that the government had politicised the upkeeping of the Maoist combatants by stopping their salaries
Sunday, March 28, 2010
Maths question paper leak hits SLC exams
KATHMANDU: Reports of leaked question papers of the School leaving Certificate (SLC) have poured in from exam centres in various districts on the third day of the examinations on Sunday.
Question papers for mathematics were leaked in Bajang, Kailali, Sunsari, Bara and Banke districts.
Though the question papers were leaked out half an hour before the examination, it was not cancelled.
The Office of the Controller of Examination (OCE) has established 1,548 exam centres across the nation.
A total of 456,719 students are appearing for the SLC exam that kicked off on March 25.
Question papers for mathematics were leaked in Bajang, Kailali, Sunsari, Bara and Banke districts.
Though the question papers were leaked out half an hour before the examination, it was not cancelled.
The Office of the Controller of Examination (OCE) has established 1,548 exam centres across the nation.
A total of 456,719 students are appearing for the SLC exam that kicked off on March 25.
Bhattarai reveals GPK wish for present govt resignation
POKHARA: UCPN-Maoist vice chairman Dr Baburam Bhattarai on Sunday made the claim that the late Nepali Congress president Girija Prasad Koirala wanted the present government to resign.
Speaking at a press meet organised by the Revolutionary Journalists Association in Pokhara, Bhattarai claimed that late the Koirala had mentioned in the High-Level Political Mechanism meetings that the government should step down. He clarified that CPN- UML chairman Jhalanath Khanal was a witness to the statement in the HLPM meetings.In another context, Bhattarai said that the Maoists are not in favour of ethnic states but for nationality. He said that the Maoist-led government had even named a coordinator for the formation of a state restructuring committee in the past and that the Maoists are ready for the formation of the commission if necessary. However, he said that it should not overlap the CA Committee's jurisdiction.
Referring to former king Gyanendra’s recent controversial statement, he was of the view that Shah is trying to fish in troubled waters but he would get nothing more than a crab.
Speaking at a press meet organised by the Revolutionary Journalists Association in Pokhara, Bhattarai claimed that late the Koirala had mentioned in the High-Level Political Mechanism meetings that the government should step down. He clarified that CPN- UML chairman Jhalanath Khanal was a witness to the statement in the HLPM meetings.In another context, Bhattarai said that the Maoists are not in favour of ethnic states but for nationality. He said that the Maoist-led government had even named a coordinator for the formation of a state restructuring committee in the past and that the Maoists are ready for the formation of the commission if necessary. However, he said that it should not overlap the CA Committee's jurisdiction.
Referring to former king Gyanendra’s recent controversial statement, he was of the view that Shah is trying to fish in troubled waters but he would get nothing more than a crab.
Irked locals close TUTH gates
Irked by the continued obstruction of services at the Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), the locals have padlocked the gates of the hospital on Sunday.
The protesting locals have been demanding the resumption of services and warned that they won't allow doctors and the hospital management officials to go out until the impasse if resolved.
The two sides are holding talks in the hospital premises in their efforts to end the deadlock.
The locals have been protesting at the hospital gate since morning. The hospital has remained shut for last two weeks due to protests by the resident doctors and Free Student Union.
The locals earlier had threatened to cut essential supplies like water to hospital's hostel which compelled the doctors, who had shut emergency services as well, to return to work in emergency ward.
The hospital management has agreed to few of the demands raised by agitating doctors including scrapping of the recent entrance exams but agitators have not returned to their work
The protesting locals have been demanding the resumption of services and warned that they won't allow doctors and the hospital management officials to go out until the impasse if resolved.
The two sides are holding talks in the hospital premises in their efforts to end the deadlock.
The locals have been protesting at the hospital gate since morning. The hospital has remained shut for last two weeks due to protests by the resident doctors and Free Student Union.
The locals earlier had threatened to cut essential supplies like water to hospital's hostel which compelled the doctors, who had shut emergency services as well, to return to work in emergency ward.
The hospital management has agreed to few of the demands raised by agitating doctors including scrapping of the recent entrance exams but agitators have not returned to their work
Saturday, March 27, 2010
Govt increases public transport fare
KATHMANDU: The government increased the public transport fare after the recent hike in the fuel prices on Saturday. The fare for buses and micro-buses has been raised by 9.9 per cent.
Ministry for Transportation Management took the decision after a consultation with the transportation entrepreneurs on Saturday.
According to the new increment, the public has to pay Rs. 11, one rupee more than before, those who used to pay minimum of Rs. 10 for up to 4 km distance. However the taxi fare has been increased by a mere 5 percent.
Ministry for Transportation Management took the decision after a consultation with the transportation entrepreneurs on Saturday.
According to the new increment, the public has to pay Rs. 11, one rupee more than before, those who used to pay minimum of Rs. 10 for up to 4 km distance. However the taxi fare has been increased by a mere 5 percent.
Swami Ramdev's Yoga camp begins
A six-day Yoga Camp being conducted by famous Yoga guru Swami Ramdev Baba has kicked off in Kathmandu, Saturday morning.
President Ram Baran Yadav inaugurated the camp at Tundikhel, this morning. Over 40,000 persons from various places across the country and neighbouring India attended the camp on its first day, today, organisers said. The Yoga Camp is being organised with a message, 'Perform Yoga, Stay fit' and 'Healthy Nepal, Healthy World'. Many TV channels broadcast the Yoga camp live.
Swami Ram Dev, founder of the Patanjali Yoga Peeth in Haridwar, arrived in Kathmandu Friday to conduct the Yoga camp. This is Ramdev's second Yoga camp in Kathmandu.
Organisers of the camp have informed, Yoga workshops will be conducted in the morning and experts from the Patanjali Yoga Peeth, Haridwar will treat various diseases and distribute Ayurvedic medicines during the day
President Ram Baran Yadav inaugurated the camp at Tundikhel, this morning. Over 40,000 persons from various places across the country and neighbouring India attended the camp on its first day, today, organisers said. The Yoga Camp is being organised with a message, 'Perform Yoga, Stay fit' and 'Healthy Nepal, Healthy World'. Many TV channels broadcast the Yoga camp live.
Swami Ram Dev, founder of the Patanjali Yoga Peeth in Haridwar, arrived in Kathmandu Friday to conduct the Yoga camp. This is Ramdev's second Yoga camp in Kathmandu.
Organisers of the camp have informed, Yoga workshops will be conducted in the morning and experts from the Patanjali Yoga Peeth, Haridwar will treat various diseases and distribute Ayurvedic medicines during the day
Another Maoist leader shot dead in Siraha
An unidentified gunman shot dead a local leader of the Unified CPN (Maoist) in Siraha at a local fair, last night. Ram Ayodhya Yadav, member Mithila Rajya Samiti Samiti, who is also affiliated to the Maoist's All Nepal Trade Union, was shot dead while attending a fair organised on the occasion of Ram Nawami in Rampurbirta of the district. He died on the spot after he received a bullet on the temple at about 1 am, Saturday. Police have arrested six persons affiliated with the fair organising committee in connection with the incident. The trend of attacks on Maoist cadres and leaders in the Terai districts are on the rise in the recent weeks.
Friday, March 26, 2010
Student takes own life after poor performance in SLC exam
A student in Syangja district committed suicide on Thursday after his School Leaving Certificate (SLC) examination didn't go well.
Deepak Poudel of Putalibazaar-9 took his own life by hanging himself from a tree nearby his house yesterday night after he didn't do well in the Compulsory English paper that same morning.
Police said that Deepak committed suicide as he was very unhappy over his performance in the exam and feared that he will fail in the subject.
SLC, which is considered the gateway for further education in the country, is also dreaded by many who call it the "Iron gate" due to very high percentage of failure in it.
Also, many students in rural areas of country fail in their English paper owing to lack of good teachers and adequate reference materials for the subject.
Every year reports of young students taking their own life by consuming poison or hanging from a tree after failing in the SLC examination hit the media headlines.
More than 4.5 lakh students are taking part in this year's SLC examination that began from Thursday
Deepak Poudel of Putalibazaar-9 took his own life by hanging himself from a tree nearby his house yesterday night after he didn't do well in the Compulsory English paper that same morning.
Police said that Deepak committed suicide as he was very unhappy over his performance in the exam and feared that he will fail in the subject.
SLC, which is considered the gateway for further education in the country, is also dreaded by many who call it the "Iron gate" due to very high percentage of failure in it.
Also, many students in rural areas of country fail in their English paper owing to lack of good teachers and adequate reference materials for the subject.
Every year reports of young students taking their own life by consuming poison or hanging from a tree after failing in the SLC examination hit the media headlines.
More than 4.5 lakh students are taking part in this year's SLC examination that began from Thursday
Handwritten passports up for grabs till April 1
KATHMANDU: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs on Friday said it has made special arrangements to issue handwritten passports for those willing to collect them before the April 1, 2010 deadline for the issuance of the existing non-machine readable passports.
International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) had already set the deadline to phase out handwritten passports and replace them with Machine Readable Passports (MRPs). Nepal is a member of ICAO, a UN agency and is required to introduce the MRPs by the given deadline.
Though there is no doubt that Nepal is going to miss the deadline, it has formally requested the ICAO to extend the deadline and validate non-machine readable passports for another six months.
In a press statement, the MoFA appealed to all those wishing to collect the handwritten passports before April 1 to contact the special desks of the Ministry located in the premises of Narayanhiti Museum.
"The collection of application forms and issuance of handwritten passports will take place on March 17 (Saturday) from 10 am to 5 pm and March 28 to 31 from 8 am to 8 pm," the statement reads.
The government cannot issue the handwritten passports after March 31 and the existing non-machine readable paperwork will be effective till November 24, 2015. The government is expected to start issuing the much-hyped MRPs beginning first week of June, 2010 thanks to a deal the government inked with India.
Nasik-based Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India entrusted with the responsibility of printingand supplying the MRPs to Nepal. As per the deal, Nepal will procure four million MRPs, the current size of handwritten passport holders within three years.
International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) had already set the deadline to phase out handwritten passports and replace them with Machine Readable Passports (MRPs). Nepal is a member of ICAO, a UN agency and is required to introduce the MRPs by the given deadline.
Though there is no doubt that Nepal is going to miss the deadline, it has formally requested the ICAO to extend the deadline and validate non-machine readable passports for another six months.
In a press statement, the MoFA appealed to all those wishing to collect the handwritten passports before April 1 to contact the special desks of the Ministry located in the premises of Narayanhiti Museum.
"The collection of application forms and issuance of handwritten passports will take place on March 17 (Saturday) from 10 am to 5 pm and March 28 to 31 from 8 am to 8 pm," the statement reads.
The government cannot issue the handwritten passports after March 31 and the existing non-machine readable paperwork will be effective till November 24, 2015. The government is expected to start issuing the much-hyped MRPs beginning first week of June, 2010 thanks to a deal the government inked with India.
Nasik-based Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India entrusted with the responsibility of printingand supplying the MRPs to Nepal. As per the deal, Nepal will procure four million MRPs, the current size of handwritten passport holders within three years.
Thursday, March 25, 2010
Ex-king raises hope of return
KATHMANDU: The former king of Nepal has hinted he hopes the country's centuries-old Hindu monarchy may one day be restored, nearly two years after he was dethroned.
Ex-king Gyanendra lost his royal title in 2008 after Nepal's Maoists, who had fought a decade-long civil war with the state, won landmark polls and scrapped the world's last Hindu monarchy.
"I don't think the monarchy is over," he said in a rare interview, broadcast late Wednesday by Nepal's Avenues Television, a 24-hour news channel.
"History shows that the monarchy has had its ups and downs... But I will do whatever the people want me do."
Gyanendra came to the throne in 2001 after a palace massacre in which his nephew, the then crown prince, gunned down most of the royal family -- including the king and queen -- before shooting himself.
Gyanendra became deeply unpopular when he seized direct control of the nation in 2005, claiming mainstream parties had failed to tackle the Maoist insurgency.
The takeover pushed political parties and rebel Maoists into an alliance that eventually led to the fall of the monarchy.
But, at a time of growing political uncertainty, the royal family remains respected among some older Nepalese.
"I left (the throne) without objections so that this country would see peace and prosperity. My forefathers united this country and I hope that unity will not broken," Gyanendra said.
Nepal's lawmakers have been unable to agree on many key issues as they struggle to draft a new constitution, which looks unlikely to be completed by a May 28 deadline.
Ex-king Gyanendra lost his royal title in 2008 after Nepal's Maoists, who had fought a decade-long civil war with the state, won landmark polls and scrapped the world's last Hindu monarchy.
"I don't think the monarchy is over," he said in a rare interview, broadcast late Wednesday by Nepal's Avenues Television, a 24-hour news channel.
"History shows that the monarchy has had its ups and downs... But I will do whatever the people want me do."
Gyanendra came to the throne in 2001 after a palace massacre in which his nephew, the then crown prince, gunned down most of the royal family -- including the king and queen -- before shooting himself.
Gyanendra became deeply unpopular when he seized direct control of the nation in 2005, claiming mainstream parties had failed to tackle the Maoist insurgency.
The takeover pushed political parties and rebel Maoists into an alliance that eventually led to the fall of the monarchy.
But, at a time of growing political uncertainty, the royal family remains respected among some older Nepalese.
"I left (the throne) without objections so that this country would see peace and prosperity. My forefathers united this country and I hope that unity will not broken," Gyanendra said.
Nepal's lawmakers have been unable to agree on many key issues as they struggle to draft a new constitution, which looks unlikely to be completed by a May 28 deadline.
Student delivers baby while giving SLC exam; another sits for exam 23rd time
Apart from the importance the annual School Leaving Certificate examinations holds in the country's education system with almost half a million students taking part in it, every year the educational extravaganza also brings to light some of the quirky side of Nepali society - pregnant students, cheating teachers and "adult education".
Reports coming in say that a girl student in a remote district gave birth to a child while she sat for her English paper on the first day of SLC examinations today.
The unidentified student from Baitadi district went into labor pain soon after the exams started at 8 am and to the utter surprise of her fellow examinees and supervisors gave birth to a child at the exam center.
The report said both the mother and the newly-born baby were doing fine.
However, it is not known whether the SLC board will make another arrangement for the new mother so that she could sit for her exams at a later date.
In another report, a teacher in Rautahat district assigned as an exam monitor was found helping SLC examinees cheat.
Bipin Prasad Pandey, a monitor at the exam center in Suvalal Higher Secondary School, was caught helping students by writing the answers to specific questions on the black board of the exam hall.
He has been handed over to the police and is awaiting action.
Meanwhile, police have arrested three fake examinees appearing in the ongoing School Leaving Certificate (SLC) examinations from different examination centres in Saptari district on Thursday.
The three people who were appearing in the SLC exams on behalf of other candidates have been kept at the District Police Office awaiting action, according to reports.
Similarly, four students of a school in Dolakha district, who were arrested on charges of engaging in vandalism, gave their examinations from the police custody itself.
And perhaps the most interesting of all the stories is the indomitable resolve shown by a middle-aged man from Mahottari district to pass the SLC exams despite failing in it for the last 22 years.
By sitting for the exams for the 23rd time this year, Bhagirath Yadav, 48, of Damhimadai VDC-8 may have set another record for appearing in the SLC examinations for the most number of times.
He had appeared for the SLC exams for the first time in the year 1987 from the Janata Secondary School in Dhamhimadai.
But despite failing to pass the exams continiously for the last 22 years, Yadav has not lost hope.
Initially, Yadav wanted to get a job in the postal department after passing the SLC exams.
But now he wants to work as a teacher after passing the SLC exams as he can no longer apply for the postal department job because of his age.
He told the state-owned news agency RSS that he is very hopeful that he will pass the SLC exams this year
Reports coming in say that a girl student in a remote district gave birth to a child while she sat for her English paper on the first day of SLC examinations today.
The unidentified student from Baitadi district went into labor pain soon after the exams started at 8 am and to the utter surprise of her fellow examinees and supervisors gave birth to a child at the exam center.
The report said both the mother and the newly-born baby were doing fine.
However, it is not known whether the SLC board will make another arrangement for the new mother so that she could sit for her exams at a later date.
In another report, a teacher in Rautahat district assigned as an exam monitor was found helping SLC examinees cheat.
Bipin Prasad Pandey, a monitor at the exam center in Suvalal Higher Secondary School, was caught helping students by writing the answers to specific questions on the black board of the exam hall.
He has been handed over to the police and is awaiting action.
Meanwhile, police have arrested three fake examinees appearing in the ongoing School Leaving Certificate (SLC) examinations from different examination centres in Saptari district on Thursday.
The three people who were appearing in the SLC exams on behalf of other candidates have been kept at the District Police Office awaiting action, according to reports.
Similarly, four students of a school in Dolakha district, who were arrested on charges of engaging in vandalism, gave their examinations from the police custody itself.
And perhaps the most interesting of all the stories is the indomitable resolve shown by a middle-aged man from Mahottari district to pass the SLC exams despite failing in it for the last 22 years.
By sitting for the exams for the 23rd time this year, Bhagirath Yadav, 48, of Damhimadai VDC-8 may have set another record for appearing in the SLC examinations for the most number of times.
He had appeared for the SLC exams for the first time in the year 1987 from the Janata Secondary School in Dhamhimadai.
But despite failing to pass the exams continiously for the last 22 years, Yadav has not lost hope.
Initially, Yadav wanted to get a job in the postal department after passing the SLC exams.
But now he wants to work as a teacher after passing the SLC exams as he can no longer apply for the postal department job because of his age.
He told the state-owned news agency RSS that he is very hopeful that he will pass the SLC exams this year
Wednesday, March 24, 2010
SLC Examination Started
Slc Examination for nepali academic year 2066 has started from today .
Total students=Four lakh fiftysix thousand seven hundred and nineteen.
Total Centres=Fifteen hundred and fourty eight.
Regular=four lakhs twelve thousand five hundred and ninety two.
Examited=Fourty Four thousand one hundred and twenty seven.
As compared to previous year SLC exam for this year will be little strick normally in terai region since there were lots of unusual activities.
Wish best wishes to all the students those who are giving SLC examination.
Best Of Luck.
Do login For results also when the results are published.
Total students=Four lakh fiftysix thousand seven hundred and nineteen.
Total Centres=Fifteen hundred and fourty eight.
Regular=four lakhs twelve thousand five hundred and ninety two.
Examited=Fourty Four thousand one hundred and twenty seven.
As compared to previous year SLC exam for this year will be little strick normally in terai region since there were lots of unusual activities.
Wish best wishes to all the students those who are giving SLC examination.
Best Of Luck.
Do login For results also when the results are published.
9 injured as Maoist cadres clash with cops in Dharan
DHARAN: At least nine cadres of All Nepal National Independent Students Union-Revolutionary (ANNISU-R), student wing of the main opposition party UCPN-Maoist were injured in a clash with the police in Dharan on Wednesday.
The clash erupted after the students demanded the immediate release of their comrades Bishnu Tamang ‘Aakrosh’, Chulung Limbu ‘Suman’ and Pawan Chamling. The police had arrested the ANNISU-R cadres for violating the traffic rule for riding on a motorcycle.
District committee member of the ANNISU-R Nirajan Dahal and YCL activists Sushil Rai and Jamin Rai were seriously injured when the police resorted to baton charge to disperse the irate students.
Injured students are undergoing treatment in BPKIHS, Dharan.
Following the incident, a meeting among the representatives of District Administration Office and victims was held at the Area Police Office in Dharan
The clash erupted after the students demanded the immediate release of their comrades Bishnu Tamang ‘Aakrosh’, Chulung Limbu ‘Suman’ and Pawan Chamling. The police had arrested the ANNISU-R cadres for violating the traffic rule for riding on a motorcycle.
District committee member of the ANNISU-R Nirajan Dahal and YCL activists Sushil Rai and Jamin Rai were seriously injured when the police resorted to baton charge to disperse the irate students.
Injured students are undergoing treatment in BPKIHS, Dharan.
Following the incident, a meeting among the representatives of District Administration Office and victims was held at the Area Police Office in Dharan
New constitution impossible before integration of Maoist combatants: Peace minister
Minister for Peace and Reconstruction Rakam Chemjong has said promulgation of new constitution will not be possible before integration and rehabilitation of cantoned Maoist combatants takes place.
Speaking to reporters in Biratnagar Wednesday, Chemjong said integration of Maoist combatants should be made a top priority in order to draft the constitution within the prescribed time.
Chemjong further said that return of properties seized by the Maoists during the insurgency and dismantling of the paramilitary structure of the Maoist youth wing, Young Communist League (YCL), are other necessary tasks towards ensuring timely drafting of the statute.
"As long as the UCPN (Maoist) does not turn into a civilian party it cannot be trusted," he said, adding that the ruling parties were ready to ready to share power with the Maoist party if it changes.
Accusing the Maoists of not being sincere towards constitution-drafting and the peace process, the peace minister said the government has rightly pointed out the possibility of misuse of money provided to the Maoist combatants, which is distributed through their commanders. The government now wants to disburse the money directly to the combatants, he said
Speaking to reporters in Biratnagar Wednesday, Chemjong said integration of Maoist combatants should be made a top priority in order to draft the constitution within the prescribed time.
Chemjong further said that return of properties seized by the Maoists during the insurgency and dismantling of the paramilitary structure of the Maoist youth wing, Young Communist League (YCL), are other necessary tasks towards ensuring timely drafting of the statute.
"As long as the UCPN (Maoist) does not turn into a civilian party it cannot be trusted," he said, adding that the ruling parties were ready to ready to share power with the Maoist party if it changes.
Accusing the Maoists of not being sincere towards constitution-drafting and the peace process, the peace minister said the government has rightly pointed out the possibility of misuse of money provided to the Maoist combatants, which is distributed through their commanders. The government now wants to disburse the money directly to the combatants, he said
Taekwondo player Deepak Bista banned
National Sports Council (NSC) has banned from participating in any national and international games, taekwondo player Deepak Bista, who set a record by winning gold medals four times in the South Asian Games (SAG), for going to Singapore without NSC's consent.
NSC officials and members met Tuesday evening and decided to impose a ban, initially for one year, and abandon all efforts to provide Bista with a house and a car, for going against the NSC Act.
Bista is also an employee of NSC. NSC has decided to take action against him also for being absent at work without notice.
Bista has gone to Singapore to attend a ‘Save the Mission’ meeting of Youth Olympics.
Nepal Taekwando Association (NTA) also suspended Bista from its membership and banned him from participating in any events in and outside the country for the same reason.
It has also formed a three-member panel under the leadership of NTA Treasurer Raviraj Singh to look into the issue.
NSC officials and members met Tuesday evening and decided to impose a ban, initially for one year, and abandon all efforts to provide Bista with a house and a car, for going against the NSC Act.
Bista is also an employee of NSC. NSC has decided to take action against him also for being absent at work without notice.
Bista has gone to Singapore to attend a ‘Save the Mission’ meeting of Youth Olympics.
Nepal Taekwando Association (NTA) also suspended Bista from its membership and banned him from participating in any events in and outside the country for the same reason.
It has also formed a three-member panel under the leadership of NTA Treasurer Raviraj Singh to look into the issue.
Tuesday, March 23, 2010
GPK tributes flood in from world over
KATHMANDU: Sonia Gandhi, president of Indian National Congress expressed sadness over the death of Girija Prasad Koirala (GPK), president of Nepali Congress describing him as the true leader of the nation.
Sending a condolence letter to Sujata Koirala, daughter of late GPK, Gandhi said that the late Koirala was the main initiator of the current peace process and the end to the decade long Maoist conflict.
She also hailed GPK for his contribution in maintaining good Indo-Nepal relations and for being a close friend to India.
Likewise, sending a condolence letter to Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal, Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao hailed GPK for his efforts to improve the Nepal China relations. He also hoped that the ongoing peace process would be taken to a logical conclusion despite his absence.
Similarly in a letter to the late GPK's daughter and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sujata Koirala, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi has expressed grief over GPK's death. He also stated that he was eager to work with her in the absence of GPK.
Meanwhile the President of Swiss Federation has also expressed his sorrow over GPK's death.
Likewise Japanese Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada also condoled the death of GPK and expressed his firm commitment in helping to take Nepal's peace process to a logical conclusion.
Sending a condolence letter to Sujata Koirala, daughter of late GPK, Gandhi said that the late Koirala was the main initiator of the current peace process and the end to the decade long Maoist conflict.
She also hailed GPK for his contribution in maintaining good Indo-Nepal relations and for being a close friend to India.
Likewise, sending a condolence letter to Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal, Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao hailed GPK for his efforts to improve the Nepal China relations. He also hoped that the ongoing peace process would be taken to a logical conclusion despite his absence.
Similarly in a letter to the late GPK's daughter and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Sujata Koirala, Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi has expressed grief over GPK's death. He also stated that he was eager to work with her in the absence of GPK.
Meanwhile the President of Swiss Federation has also expressed his sorrow over GPK's death.
Likewise Japanese Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada also condoled the death of GPK and expressed his firm commitment in helping to take Nepal's peace process to a logical conclusion.
The gangsters into custody
KATHMANDU: Police took into custody two notorious criminals with a long history of various crimes in the capital, it was announced on Tuesday.
The gangsters with a career in drug peddling, extortion of business men and issuing telephonic threats, finally fell prey to the law enforcement agency.
SSP Rana Bahadur Chand, in-charge at Metropolitan Police Crime Division on Tuesday said, a special squad of police raided the settlements of the Kathmandu Valley and arrested the duo with two pistols and 27 grams of heroin on March 20.
The arrested are Lumadi Karki alias Rabin , 24, a resident of Kalyanpur- 2 and Raj Kumar Thapa, (32) of Nirjamandal- 9 of Nuwakot district. Police recovered an Italian-made automatic pistol, a magazine and another 30 grams of heroin from their rented room in Koteshwor.
They are undergoing trial under Arms and Ammunition and Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act.
In a separate incident, Metropolitan Police Range, Hanumandhoka on Monday held Bhok Bahadur Lama aka Dinesh and Manish Tamang from Dhading with a Chinese-made automatic pistol, a magazine and two rounds of bullets. The arrests were made from Gyaneshwor, police reported.
The gangsters with a career in drug peddling, extortion of business men and issuing telephonic threats, finally fell prey to the law enforcement agency.
SSP Rana Bahadur Chand, in-charge at Metropolitan Police Crime Division on Tuesday said, a special squad of police raided the settlements of the Kathmandu Valley and arrested the duo with two pistols and 27 grams of heroin on March 20.
The arrested are Lumadi Karki alias Rabin , 24, a resident of Kalyanpur- 2 and Raj Kumar Thapa, (32) of Nirjamandal- 9 of Nuwakot district. Police recovered an Italian-made automatic pistol, a magazine and another 30 grams of heroin from their rented room in Koteshwor.
They are undergoing trial under Arms and Ammunition and Narcotic Drugs (Control) Act.
In a separate incident, Metropolitan Police Range, Hanumandhoka on Monday held Bhok Bahadur Lama aka Dinesh and Manish Tamang from Dhading with a Chinese-made automatic pistol, a magazine and two rounds of bullets. The arrests were made from Gyaneshwor, police reported.
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Nepal) withdraw its support to the current Madhav Kumar Nepal government.
Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Nepal) is engaged in preparation to withdraw its support to the current Madhav Kumar Nepal government.
Citing deteriorating law and order situation and government's inability to control inflation, RPP-N has decided to withdraw its support to the 22-party coalition government.
An official decision will be taken at the party's Central Committee meeting being held later today, it is learnt.
There are four lawmakers from the pro-royalist party in the Constituent Assembly.
The party is led by Kamal Thapa, who was the home minister during the former king Gyanendra's direct rule. He was also found guilty of trying to suppress the 2006 people's movement
Citing deteriorating law and order situation and government's inability to control inflation, RPP-N has decided to withdraw its support to the 22-party coalition government.
An official decision will be taken at the party's Central Committee meeting being held later today, it is learnt.
There are four lawmakers from the pro-royalist party in the Constituent Assembly.
The party is led by Kamal Thapa, who was the home minister during the former king Gyanendra's direct rule. He was also found guilty of trying to suppress the 2006 people's movement
Once again Strike at TU Hospital
Doctors of Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), who had been halting OPD services since last week, have stopped providing emergency services, too, from Tuesday.
Doctors including the faculty and students of Institute of Medicine (IOM), Maharajgunj College had started their agitation demanding the resignation of Dean and Assistant Dean claiming there had been irregularities in the entrance examinations for MD and MS conducted a week ago.
The doctors had provided OPD services in the hostel and college premises as a form of protest for a few days.
They claim the questions of the entrance exam had been leaked before the exams and that the Dean and the Assistant Dean were involved in leaking the questions in exchange of bribes.
Thousands of patients have been affected due to the doctors' agitation. TUTH is considered a good hospital among the government hospitals. About 1000 to 1200 patients visit the hospital every day
Doctors including the faculty and students of Institute of Medicine (IOM), Maharajgunj College had started their agitation demanding the resignation of Dean and Assistant Dean claiming there had been irregularities in the entrance examinations for MD and MS conducted a week ago.
The doctors had provided OPD services in the hostel and college premises as a form of protest for a few days.
They claim the questions of the entrance exam had been leaked before the exams and that the Dean and the Assistant Dean were involved in leaking the questions in exchange of bribes.
Thousands of patients have been affected due to the doctors' agitation. TUTH is considered a good hospital among the government hospitals. About 1000 to 1200 patients visit the hospital every day
Monday, March 22, 2010
Voilence In Nepal
Kathmandu, March 22 (IANS) Violence reigned in a famed temple town in southern Nepal Monday, for the third consecutive day, with mobs attacking police posts and clashing with baton-wielding police after an Indian teenager, belonging to a minority community, was allegedly raped by a sub-inspector.
The 18-year-old girl from India's Bihar state had eloped with an Indian youth to Nepal after their families objected to their relationship since he belongs to the Hindu community.
The pair arrived in Nepal's temple town of Janakpur in Dhanusha district, along the Indo-Nepal border, on Saturday, police said.
They had planned to get married in the Janaki temple that draws thousands of pilgrims from India every year.
However, during their stay at the Manakamana Lodge near Janakpur railway station, the couple were allegedly attacked by a Nepali sub-inspector who was posted at the station.
Baburam Jha, the cop, overpowered the youth and allegedly raped the girl.
As the news spread, angry locals attacked the police post, resulting in over three dozen people, including eight policemen, being injured, police said.
The violence snowballed with several political parties joining the fray and demanding the resignation of Home Minister Bhim Rawal.
Police fired in the air Monday and burst teargas shells to bring the situation under control. At least a dozen people were hurt in the melee.
The authorities have suspended Jha, who is under detention while a committee is being formed to investigate the incident, police said.
Police also said they have no information about the whereabouts of the teenager and her escort.
The alleged incident occurred in a year the government has pledged to bring crime against women down to 'zero' and a hotline has been set up in the prime minister's office to receive complaints from victims.
Nepal's security forces have been increasingly becoming the target of public anger with growing allegations of involvement in underworld activities and atrocities against women.
The government is yet to take action against a group of policemen who gangraped a woman colleague insidea police station in farwestern Nepal despite the National Human Rights Commission urging for punitive measures.
Recently, three women from the Dalit community, including a 12-year-old girl, were killed by the army in farwestern Nepal. However, the Defence Minister, Bidya Bhandari, tried to hush it up, saying the victims were part of an armed gang of poachers.
The 18-year-old girl from India's Bihar state had eloped with an Indian youth to Nepal after their families objected to their relationship since he belongs to the Hindu community.
The pair arrived in Nepal's temple town of Janakpur in Dhanusha district, along the Indo-Nepal border, on Saturday, police said.
They had planned to get married in the Janaki temple that draws thousands of pilgrims from India every year.
However, during their stay at the Manakamana Lodge near Janakpur railway station, the couple were allegedly attacked by a Nepali sub-inspector who was posted at the station.
Baburam Jha, the cop, overpowered the youth and allegedly raped the girl.
As the news spread, angry locals attacked the police post, resulting in over three dozen people, including eight policemen, being injured, police said.
The violence snowballed with several political parties joining the fray and demanding the resignation of Home Minister Bhim Rawal.
Police fired in the air Monday and burst teargas shells to bring the situation under control. At least a dozen people were hurt in the melee.
The authorities have suspended Jha, who is under detention while a committee is being formed to investigate the incident, police said.
Police also said they have no information about the whereabouts of the teenager and her escort.
The alleged incident occurred in a year the government has pledged to bring crime against women down to 'zero' and a hotline has been set up in the prime minister's office to receive complaints from victims.
Nepal's security forces have been increasingly becoming the target of public anger with growing allegations of involvement in underworld activities and atrocities against women.
The government is yet to take action against a group of policemen who gangraped a woman colleague insidea police station in farwestern Nepal despite the National Human Rights Commission urging for punitive measures.
Recently, three women from the Dalit community, including a 12-year-old girl, were killed by the army in farwestern Nepal. However, the Defence Minister, Bidya Bhandari, tried to hush it up, saying the victims were part of an armed gang of poachers.
Nepal News
Kathmandu, March 21 (IANS) Saluted and mourned by thousands nationwide, Nepal's peace architect and former prime minister Girija Prasad Koirala was set to be cremated Sunday, marking the end of an era in the Himalayan nation's politics.
Amid massive security arrangements, an estimated 100,000 people queued up under a scorching sun in Kathmandu alone to pay their last respects to the 85-year-old who was remembered as a 'towering titan' and 'leader of leaders'.
The crowds included Nepal's ministers and bureaucrats, diplomats and an official delegation from India, comprising Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar, External Affairs Minister S.M. Krishna and Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee.
Mukherjee described the five-time prime minister of Nepal as a 'tall man' in whose death India had lost a 'great friend' and South Asia an extraordinary leader.
Former Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) president Rajnath Singh overlooked his party's hostility to Nepal's Maoists and shared seats with Maoist chief Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda at the Pashupatinath temple premises.
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) leader D.P. Tripathi and Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M) leader Sitaram Yechury also arrived in Nepal to pay their last respects.
Meira Kumar signed the condolence book at the residence of Koirala's daughter Sujata Koirala, saying the passing away of Koirala marked the end of an era in Nepali politics.
'Koirala's tireless dedication to the cause of peace and democracy in Nepal and his immense contribution in fostering and strengthening close and friendly relations between India and Nepal would always be remembered,' she said.
Koirala's frail body, draped in flags of his Nepali Congress party, silken white prayer scarves and garlands, received an additional state honour when Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal laid the national flag on top.
Initially kept at the Dasarath Rangashala, Kathmandu's oldest stadium, for people to pay their last tributes, the body was then taken in a stately procession to Aryaghat, the burning ghat at Pashupati. Hundreds lined the roads along the route taken by the funeral cortege, escorted by an army guard of honour, while hundreds more marched before and after it.
The crowd shouted slogans saying Koirala's memory would live forever and asking Nepal's leaders to promulgate the new constitution in time.
The pyre resembled a royal throne, covered with marigold garlands. Koirala's only child, daughter Sujata, also the deputy prime minister, would bring the nearly five-hour marathon funeral rally to an end by setting fire to the pyre.
Though Hindu families in Nepal have sons usually performing the rite, the Koiralas have always been different. It is the clan that gave Nepal its two women deputy prime ministers, including Koirala's niece Shailaja Acharya.
The government declared a public holiday Sunday to observe state mourning for Koirala, the man who was instrumental in bringing peace to Nepal after a decade of Maoist insurgency by signing a peace pact with the communist guerrillas and bringing them back to mainstream politics.
Nepal's national flag will fly at half-mast for three days in the country as well as Nepali missions abroad.
In Biratnagar, the town in southeast Nepal where Koirala cut his teeth in politics by joining the labour movement in a jute mill, his photographs, garlanded with flowers, were kept in main squares for people to pay their last respects.
Dozens of people shaved their heads nationwide as a sign of grief, a traditional rite that is usually undergone by bereaved sons.
'Nepal has lost a guardian,' Maoist leader Baburam Bhattarai said.
Amid massive security arrangements, an estimated 100,000 people queued up under a scorching sun in Kathmandu alone to pay their last respects to the 85-year-old who was remembered as a 'towering titan' and 'leader of leaders'.
The crowds included Nepal's ministers and bureaucrats, diplomats and an official delegation from India, comprising Lok Sabha Speaker Meira Kumar, External Affairs Minister S.M. Krishna and Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee.
Mukherjee described the five-time prime minister of Nepal as a 'tall man' in whose death India had lost a 'great friend' and South Asia an extraordinary leader.
Former Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) president Rajnath Singh overlooked his party's hostility to Nepal's Maoists and shared seats with Maoist chief Pushpa Kamal Dahal Prachanda at the Pashupatinath temple premises.
Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) leader D.P. Tripathi and Communist Party of India-Marxist (CPI-M) leader Sitaram Yechury also arrived in Nepal to pay their last respects.
Meira Kumar signed the condolence book at the residence of Koirala's daughter Sujata Koirala, saying the passing away of Koirala marked the end of an era in Nepali politics.
'Koirala's tireless dedication to the cause of peace and democracy in Nepal and his immense contribution in fostering and strengthening close and friendly relations between India and Nepal would always be remembered,' she said.
Koirala's frail body, draped in flags of his Nepali Congress party, silken white prayer scarves and garlands, received an additional state honour when Prime Minister Madhav Kumar Nepal laid the national flag on top.
Initially kept at the Dasarath Rangashala, Kathmandu's oldest stadium, for people to pay their last tributes, the body was then taken in a stately procession to Aryaghat, the burning ghat at Pashupati. Hundreds lined the roads along the route taken by the funeral cortege, escorted by an army guard of honour, while hundreds more marched before and after it.
The crowd shouted slogans saying Koirala's memory would live forever and asking Nepal's leaders to promulgate the new constitution in time.
The pyre resembled a royal throne, covered with marigold garlands. Koirala's only child, daughter Sujata, also the deputy prime minister, would bring the nearly five-hour marathon funeral rally to an end by setting fire to the pyre.
Though Hindu families in Nepal have sons usually performing the rite, the Koiralas have always been different. It is the clan that gave Nepal its two women deputy prime ministers, including Koirala's niece Shailaja Acharya.
The government declared a public holiday Sunday to observe state mourning for Koirala, the man who was instrumental in bringing peace to Nepal after a decade of Maoist insurgency by signing a peace pact with the communist guerrillas and bringing them back to mainstream politics.
Nepal's national flag will fly at half-mast for three days in the country as well as Nepali missions abroad.
In Biratnagar, the town in southeast Nepal where Koirala cut his teeth in politics by joining the labour movement in a jute mill, his photographs, garlanded with flowers, were kept in main squares for people to pay their last respects.
Dozens of people shaved their heads nationwide as a sign of grief, a traditional rite that is usually undergone by bereaved sons.
'Nepal has lost a guardian,' Maoist leader Baburam Bhattarai said.
Sunday, March 21, 2010
Saturday, March 20, 2010
Formal Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koriala Died
Formal Prime Minister Girija Prasad Koriala died at the age of 87.Her Dughter Sujita Koriala conformed the news.He was seriously sick from some days and was admitted to hospital.He is known as the most power ful leader and national hero of nepal.He has got great contribution for peace process in Nepal.
May His soul rest in heaven.
May His soul rest in heaven.
Friday, March 19, 2010
List Of Colleges in Canada
British Columbia
See also: List of institutes and colleges in British Columbia
Ashton College
Camosun College
Canadian College
Douglas College
Langara College
College of new caledonia
Northern Lights College
Northwest Community College
Okanagan College
Selkirk College
Vancouver Community College
Manitoba
Assiniboine Community College
Red River College
[edit] New Brunswick
See also: List of universities and colleges in New Brunswick
New Brunswick Community College (various campuses)
Maritime College of Forest Technology
Newfoundland and Labrador
College of the North Atlantic (various campuses)
Northwest Territories
Aurora College
Nova Scotia
Canadian Coast Guard College
Gaelic College
Kingston Bible College
Nova Scotia Community College (various campuses)
Technical University of Nova Scotia (defunct)
Nunavut
Nunavut Arctic College
Ontario
See also: List of colleges in Ontario
Algonquin College
Cambrian College
Canadore College
Centennial College
Collège Boréal
Conestoga College
Confederation College
Durham College
Fanshawe College
Fleming College
George Brown College
Georgian College
Humber College
La Cité collégiale
Lambton College
Loyalist College
Mohawk College
Niagara College
Northern College
St. Clair College
St. Lawrence College
Sault College
Seneca College
Sheridan College
Stouffville college
Prince Edward Island
Holland College
Maritime Christian College
Québec
Main article: List of colleges in Quebec
See also: List of CEGEPs
Saskatchewan
Bethany College - Hepburn, Saskatchewan
Briercrest College and Seminary - Caronport
Carlton Trail Regional College - Humboldt
Horizon College and Seminary - Saskatoon
Cumberland College - Nipawin, Tisdale, Melfort and Hudson Bay
Gabriel Dumont Institute - Saskatoon
Great Plains College - formed from the amalgamation of Cypress Hills College and Prairie West Regional College in 2008; various locations
Lakeland College - Lloydminster
Nipawin Bible College - Nipawin, Saskatchewan
Northlands College - La Ronge, Buffalo Narrows and Creighton
North West Regional College - the Battlefords and Meadow Lake
Parkland College - Melville
Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies - various
Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology - Moose Jaw, Prince Albert, Regina, Saskatoon
Southeast Regional College - Weyburn
St. Petro Mohyla Institute - Saskatoon
Yukon
Yukon College
See also: List of institutes and colleges in British Columbia
Ashton College
Camosun College
Canadian College
Douglas College
Langara College
College of new caledonia
Northern Lights College
Northwest Community College
Okanagan College
Selkirk College
Vancouver Community College
Manitoba
Assiniboine Community College
Red River College
[edit] New Brunswick
See also: List of universities and colleges in New Brunswick
New Brunswick Community College (various campuses)
Maritime College of Forest Technology
Newfoundland and Labrador
College of the North Atlantic (various campuses)
Northwest Territories
Aurora College
Nova Scotia
Canadian Coast Guard College
Gaelic College
Kingston Bible College
Nova Scotia Community College (various campuses)
Technical University of Nova Scotia (defunct)
Nunavut
Nunavut Arctic College
Ontario
See also: List of colleges in Ontario
Algonquin College
Cambrian College
Canadore College
Centennial College
Collège Boréal
Conestoga College
Confederation College
Durham College
Fanshawe College
Fleming College
George Brown College
Georgian College
Humber College
La Cité collégiale
Lambton College
Loyalist College
Mohawk College
Niagara College
Northern College
St. Clair College
St. Lawrence College
Sault College
Seneca College
Sheridan College
Stouffville college
Prince Edward Island
Holland College
Maritime Christian College
Québec
Main article: List of colleges in Quebec
See also: List of CEGEPs
Saskatchewan
Bethany College - Hepburn, Saskatchewan
Briercrest College and Seminary - Caronport
Carlton Trail Regional College - Humboldt
Horizon College and Seminary - Saskatoon
Cumberland College - Nipawin, Tisdale, Melfort and Hudson Bay
Gabriel Dumont Institute - Saskatoon
Great Plains College - formed from the amalgamation of Cypress Hills College and Prairie West Regional College in 2008; various locations
Lakeland College - Lloydminster
Nipawin Bible College - Nipawin, Saskatchewan
Northlands College - La Ronge, Buffalo Narrows and Creighton
North West Regional College - the Battlefords and Meadow Lake
Parkland College - Melville
Saskatchewan Indian Institute of Technologies - various
Saskatchewan Institute of Applied Science and Technology - Moose Jaw, Prince Albert, Regina, Saskatoon
Southeast Regional College - Weyburn
St. Petro Mohyla Institute - Saskatoon
Yukon
Yukon College
List of suspended colleges in london(U.K)
•AA Hamilton College London
•Access College London
•Albion College
Albion College’s UKBA inspection is on Feb 10
•alliance resource nvq training centre
•Alpha Meridian College – Inspected 16 February 2010 – Suspension lifted 18 March 2010
•Anglian College London
•Anglo-Continental Suspension lifted February 17 2010
•Archbishop Ilsley Catholic Technology College
•Arthur Mellows Village College
•AVALON SCHOOL OF ENGLISH – Suspension lifted 16 March 2010
•Aylesford School
•Barry Comprehensive School
•Barton Court Grammar School
•Bc College Of North West London
•Belgrave High School
•Berlitz Brighton
•Birkenhead High School
•Bishop Challoner School
•Bites College
•Blessed George Napier School
•Bliss Services UK Ltd T/A Bliss College
•Blue Coat Church of England School & Music College
•Bramcote School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•Bristol College of Accountancy
•Britannia College of Excellence
•BRYNMAWR FOUNDATION SCHOOL
•Cavendish College London
•Chosen Hill School
•College of Excellance
•College of Venereal Disease Prevention
•Commonwealth Law College
•concept care college
•Coombe Dean School
•Cranleigh School Suspension lifted 12 February 2010
•Cromwell College Of IT & Management
•Crossways Sixth Form
•Dartford Grammar School for Boys
•Denes High School
•Dolphin School LLP Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•eCollege london Limited
•Edgware Academy
•Edinburgh School of Business
•Eduational Programmes Abroad
•Education Development College
•EF Brittin College
•EF International Language Schools (London)
•EF International Language Schools Bournemouth
•English Country Schools Ltd. Suspension lifted 15 February 2010
•Estover Community College
•ETC International College – Suspension lifted 17 March 2010
•Finham Park School
•Futures College (Barking)
•Gateway2uk Education
•Girls’ Education Co Ltd
•Global Vision College
•Goffs School
•Grafton College of Management Sciences – Suspension lifted 9 February 2010
•Great West London College
•greenwich london college
•Guildhall College
•Halifax College – Suspension lifted 11 March 2010
•hammersmith management college
•Havelock Academy
•Holborn College Suspension lifted 5 February 2010
•ICON College of Technology and Management
•Impington Village college
•Kensington College
•Kimbolton School Suspension lifted 10 February 2010
•King David High School
•King Edward VII School
•Kingston Grammar School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•King Street College Suspension lifted 22 February 2010
•Leading Management Ltd T/A Stevens College ofTechnology and Management Suspension lifted 5 February 2010
•Leicester Square School of English
•Leeds College of Art and Design Changed name to Leeds College of Art
•Leeds English Language School – Suspension lifted 15 February 2010
•Leeds Professional College
•London Academy for Higher Education
•London Ambassador College
•london Bridge Business Academy
•London College of Accountancy & Management
•London College of Business & Computer Studies
•London College of Business and Management – claimed to have been inspected 2 March 2010 / inspection claimed to be 10 March 2010
•London College of Engineering and Management
•London College of Excellence
•London College of Finance & Accounting – Suspension lifted 17 March 2010
•London College Of Law & Management
•London Commonwealth College of Law & Business Studies
•London Crown College
•London East Bank College
•London Institute of Technical Education
•London Reading College
•London School of Accountancy and Management – Inspected 19 February 2010
•London School of Business & Computing
•London School of Marketing – Inspection claimed to be 5 February 2010
•London Training College (Lewisham / Waterloo)
•LTC College
•Luckley-Oakfield School Trust Ltd Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•Ludgrove School Trust LTD Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•Lyceum Academy
•Majestic College
•Malvern House – Suspension lifted 02 March 2010
•Matthew Boulton College of Further & Higher Education
•Mayfair School of English
•Metropolitan College London
•Michael Hall School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•millennium city academy – Suspension lifted 16 March 2010
•Monk’s Walk School
•Moor Park Charitable Trust Ltd Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•Moyles Court School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•New London College
•Newcastle College
•North London College of Business Studies
•North London Collegiate School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•North London Management School Limited
•North Tyneside Council
•Nottingham Girls’ High School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•OVT College
•Oxbridge College of IT & Management (was B rated before it was removed from the Register – licence permanently withdrawn?
•Port Regis Suspension lifted 12 February 2010
•Portland Place School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•PORTSLADE COMMUNITY COLLEGE 6TH FORM
•Putney High School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•Rayat London College – Supposedly inspected 25th February 2010
•Renaissance International College
•Rims College
•Roding College
•Samuel Ward Arts and Technology College
•SAN Michael College Ltd
•School of Information Risk Management
•Sherborne Preparatory School: Suspension lifted 11 February 2010
•Shimna Integrated College
•Simon Balle School
•Spinnaker College
•St Bernard’s Catholic Grammar School
•St Brigid’s School
•St Edmund’s School Canterbury Suspension lifted 12 February 2010
•St.George’s College London
•St John’s Catholic Comprehensive School
•St. Martin’s Business School
•St Mary’s Wrestwood Children’s Trust
•Stoke Park School and Community Technology College
•St-Patrick’s College – Inspected 15 February 2010 – Suspension lifted 4 March 2010
•Stratford College of Management
•Sutton Coldfield College
•Swanlea School
•Taitec college manchester
•TASMAC London School of Business – supposedly inspected 17 February 2010 – Suspension lifted 17 March 2010
•TASMAC UK Ltd.
•THAMES INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE
•The Brakenhale School
•THE BROXBOURNE SCHOOL
•The Chauncy School
•The Netherhall School & Sixth Form Centre
•The Royal Grammar School (High Wycombe)
•The Secretary College
•THE SIR JOHN COLFOX SCHOOL
•The WELS Group
•TOCKINGTON MANOR SCHOOL Suspension lifted 12 February 2010
•Tollbar Business and Enterprise College
•Trans-Atlantic College
•tudor college
•Twin Training International Ltd – Suspension lifted 3 March 2010, re-included on Register 9 March 2010
•UK college of business and computing
•UKhelp4u Academy of English Language Limited
•United College Ltd
•Unity College
•Upton-By-Chester High School
•Victoria College Belfast
•Wallington High School for Girls
•Warnborough College – Inspected 17 February 2010
•Weald of Kent Grammar School
•West Berkshire District Council
•Westgate School
•West London Business College Ltd – Inspected 8 February 2010
•Westlands School (Mathematics and Computing College)
•Williams College UK Ltd
•Access College London
•Albion College
Albion College’s UKBA inspection is on Feb 10
•alliance resource nvq training centre
•Alpha Meridian College – Inspected 16 February 2010 – Suspension lifted 18 March 2010
•Anglian College London
•Anglo-Continental Suspension lifted February 17 2010
•Archbishop Ilsley Catholic Technology College
•Arthur Mellows Village College
•AVALON SCHOOL OF ENGLISH – Suspension lifted 16 March 2010
•Aylesford School
•Barry Comprehensive School
•Barton Court Grammar School
•Bc College Of North West London
•Belgrave High School
•Berlitz Brighton
•Birkenhead High School
•Bishop Challoner School
•Bites College
•Blessed George Napier School
•Bliss Services UK Ltd T/A Bliss College
•Blue Coat Church of England School & Music College
•Bramcote School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•Bristol College of Accountancy
•Britannia College of Excellence
•BRYNMAWR FOUNDATION SCHOOL
•Cavendish College London
•Chosen Hill School
•College of Excellance
•College of Venereal Disease Prevention
•Commonwealth Law College
•concept care college
•Coombe Dean School
•Cranleigh School Suspension lifted 12 February 2010
•Cromwell College Of IT & Management
•Crossways Sixth Form
•Dartford Grammar School for Boys
•Denes High School
•Dolphin School LLP Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•eCollege london Limited
•Edgware Academy
•Edinburgh School of Business
•Eduational Programmes Abroad
•Education Development College
•EF Brittin College
•EF International Language Schools (London)
•EF International Language Schools Bournemouth
•English Country Schools Ltd. Suspension lifted 15 February 2010
•Estover Community College
•ETC International College – Suspension lifted 17 March 2010
•Finham Park School
•Futures College (Barking)
•Gateway2uk Education
•Girls’ Education Co Ltd
•Global Vision College
•Goffs School
•Grafton College of Management Sciences – Suspension lifted 9 February 2010
•Great West London College
•greenwich london college
•Guildhall College
•Halifax College – Suspension lifted 11 March 2010
•hammersmith management college
•Havelock Academy
•Holborn College Suspension lifted 5 February 2010
•ICON College of Technology and Management
•Impington Village college
•Kensington College
•Kimbolton School Suspension lifted 10 February 2010
•King David High School
•King Edward VII School
•Kingston Grammar School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•King Street College Suspension lifted 22 February 2010
•Leading Management Ltd T/A Stevens College ofTechnology and Management Suspension lifted 5 February 2010
•Leicester Square School of English
•Leeds College of Art and Design Changed name to Leeds College of Art
•Leeds English Language School – Suspension lifted 15 February 2010
•Leeds Professional College
•London Academy for Higher Education
•London Ambassador College
•london Bridge Business Academy
•London College of Accountancy & Management
•London College of Business & Computer Studies
•London College of Business and Management – claimed to have been inspected 2 March 2010 / inspection claimed to be 10 March 2010
•London College of Engineering and Management
•London College of Excellence
•London College of Finance & Accounting – Suspension lifted 17 March 2010
•London College Of Law & Management
•London Commonwealth College of Law & Business Studies
•London Crown College
•London East Bank College
•London Institute of Technical Education
•London Reading College
•London School of Accountancy and Management – Inspected 19 February 2010
•London School of Business & Computing
•London School of Marketing – Inspection claimed to be 5 February 2010
•London Training College (Lewisham / Waterloo)
•LTC College
•Luckley-Oakfield School Trust Ltd Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•Ludgrove School Trust LTD Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•Lyceum Academy
•Majestic College
•Malvern House – Suspension lifted 02 March 2010
•Matthew Boulton College of Further & Higher Education
•Mayfair School of English
•Metropolitan College London
•Michael Hall School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•millennium city academy – Suspension lifted 16 March 2010
•Monk’s Walk School
•Moor Park Charitable Trust Ltd Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•Moyles Court School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•New London College
•Newcastle College
•North London College of Business Studies
•North London Collegiate School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•North London Management School Limited
•North Tyneside Council
•Nottingham Girls’ High School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•OVT College
•Oxbridge College of IT & Management (was B rated before it was removed from the Register – licence permanently withdrawn?
•Port Regis Suspension lifted 12 February 2010
•Portland Place School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•PORTSLADE COMMUNITY COLLEGE 6TH FORM
•Putney High School Suspension lifted 17 February 2010
•Rayat London College – Supposedly inspected 25th February 2010
•Renaissance International College
•Rims College
•Roding College
•Samuel Ward Arts and Technology College
•SAN Michael College Ltd
•School of Information Risk Management
•Sherborne Preparatory School: Suspension lifted 11 February 2010
•Shimna Integrated College
•Simon Balle School
•Spinnaker College
•St Bernard’s Catholic Grammar School
•St Brigid’s School
•St Edmund’s School Canterbury Suspension lifted 12 February 2010
•St.George’s College London
•St John’s Catholic Comprehensive School
•St. Martin’s Business School
•St Mary’s Wrestwood Children’s Trust
•Stoke Park School and Community Technology College
•St-Patrick’s College – Inspected 15 February 2010 – Suspension lifted 4 March 2010
•Stratford College of Management
•Sutton Coldfield College
•Swanlea School
•Taitec college manchester
•TASMAC London School of Business – supposedly inspected 17 February 2010 – Suspension lifted 17 March 2010
•TASMAC UK Ltd.
•THAMES INTERNATIONAL COLLEGE
•The Brakenhale School
•THE BROXBOURNE SCHOOL
•The Chauncy School
•The Netherhall School & Sixth Form Centre
•The Royal Grammar School (High Wycombe)
•The Secretary College
•THE SIR JOHN COLFOX SCHOOL
•The WELS Group
•TOCKINGTON MANOR SCHOOL Suspension lifted 12 February 2010
•Tollbar Business and Enterprise College
•Trans-Atlantic College
•tudor college
•Twin Training International Ltd – Suspension lifted 3 March 2010, re-included on Register 9 March 2010
•UK college of business and computing
•UKhelp4u Academy of English Language Limited
•United College Ltd
•Unity College
•Upton-By-Chester High School
•Victoria College Belfast
•Wallington High School for Girls
•Warnborough College – Inspected 17 February 2010
•Weald of Kent Grammar School
•West Berkshire District Council
•Westgate School
•West London Business College Ltd – Inspected 8 February 2010
•Westlands School (Mathematics and Computing College)
•Williams College UK Ltd
Thursday, March 18, 2010
Steps to Hack into a Windows XP Computer without changing password:
Steps to Hack into a Windows XP Computer without changing password:
1. Get physical access to the machine. Remember that it must have a CD or DVD drive.
2. Download DreamPackPL HERE.
3. Unzip the downloaded dpl.zip and you’ll get dpl.ISO.
4. Use any burning program that can burn ISO images.
5. After you have the disk, boot from the CD or DVD drive. You will see Windows 2000 Setup and it will load some files.
6. Press “R” to install DreamPackPL.
7. Press “C” to install DreamPackPL by using the recovery console.
8. Select the Windows installation that is currently on the computer (Normally is “1″ if you only have one Windows installed)
9. Backup your original sfcfiles.dll by typing:
“ren C:\Windows\System32\sfcfiles.dll sfcfiles.lld” (without quotes)
10. Copy the hacked file from CD to system32 folder. Type:
“copy D:\i386\pinball.ex_ C:\Windows\System32\sfcfiles.dll” (without quotes and assuming your CD drive is D:)
11. Type “exit”, take out disk and reboot.
12. In the password field, type “dreamon” (without quotes) and DreamPack menu will appear.
13. Click the top graphic on the DreamPack menu and you will get a menu popup.
14. Go to commands and enable the options and enable the god command.
15. Type “god” in the password field to get in Windows.
You can also go to Passwords and select “Logon with wrong password and hash”. This option allows you to login with ANY password.
Note: I was unable to bring up the DreamPackPL for the first time because I have Kaspersky Anti-Virus already running in background. I believe most antivirus already labelled this tool as a Hack-Tool. A Hack-Tool is NOT a virus. DreamPackPL helps you bypass the Windows Login screen and it is not destructive.
1. Get physical access to the machine. Remember that it must have a CD or DVD drive.
2. Download DreamPackPL HERE.
3. Unzip the downloaded dpl.zip and you’ll get dpl.ISO.
4. Use any burning program that can burn ISO images.
5. After you have the disk, boot from the CD or DVD drive. You will see Windows 2000 Setup and it will load some files.
6. Press “R” to install DreamPackPL.
7. Press “C” to install DreamPackPL by using the recovery console.
8. Select the Windows installation that is currently on the computer (Normally is “1″ if you only have one Windows installed)
9. Backup your original sfcfiles.dll by typing:
“ren C:\Windows\System32\sfcfiles.dll sfcfiles.lld” (without quotes)
10. Copy the hacked file from CD to system32 folder. Type:
“copy D:\i386\pinball.ex_ C:\Windows\System32\sfcfiles.dll” (without quotes and assuming your CD drive is D:)
11. Type “exit”, take out disk and reboot.
12. In the password field, type “dreamon” (without quotes) and DreamPack menu will appear.
13. Click the top graphic on the DreamPack menu and you will get a menu popup.
14. Go to commands and enable the options and enable the god command.
15. Type “god” in the password field to get in Windows.
You can also go to Passwords and select “Logon with wrong password and hash”. This option allows you to login with ANY password.
Note: I was unable to bring up the DreamPackPL for the first time because I have Kaspersky Anti-Virus already running in background. I believe most antivirus already labelled this tool as a Hack-Tool. A Hack-Tool is NOT a virus. DreamPackPL helps you bypass the Windows Login screen and it is not destructive.
Wednesday, March 17, 2010
Making USB Bootable
Required:
USB Flash Drive (4GB+)
¦Microsoft OS Disk (Vista / Windows 7)
¦A computer running Vista / Windows 7
Step 1: Format the Drive
The steps here are to use the command line to format the disk properly using the diskpart utility. [Be warned: this will erase everything on your drive. Be careful.]
1.Plug in your USB Flash Drive
2.Open a command prompt as administrator (Right click on Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt and select “Run as administrator”
3.Find the drive number of your USB Drive by typing the following into the Command Prompt window:
diskpart
list disk
The number of your USB drive will listed. You’ll need this for the next step. I’ll assume that the USB flash drive is disk 1.
4.Format the drive by typing the next instructions into the same window. Replace the number “1” with the number of your disk below.
select disk 1
clean
create partition primary
select partition 1
active
format fs=NTFS
assign
exit
When that is done you’ll have a formatted USB flash drive ready to be made bootable.
Step 2: Make the Drive Bootable
Next we’ll use the bootsect utility that comes on the Vista or Windows 7 disk to make the flash drive bootable. In the same command window that you were using in Step 1:
1.Insert your Windows Vista / 7 DVD into your drive.
2.Change directory to the DVD’s boot directory where bootsect lives:
d:
cd d:\boot
3.Use bootsect to set the USB as a bootable NTFS drive prepared for a Vista/7 image. I’m assuming that your USB flash drive has been labeled disk G:\ by the computer:
bootsect /nt60 g:
4.You can now close the command prompt window, we’re done here.
Step 3: Copy the installation DVD to the USB drive
The easiest way is to use Windows explorer to copy all of the files on your DVD on to the formatted flash drive. After you’ve copied all of the files the disk you are ready to go.
Step 4: Set your BIOS to boot from USB
This is where you’re on your own since every computer is different. Most BIOS’s allow you to hit a key at boot and select a boot option.
USB Flash Drive (4GB+)
¦Microsoft OS Disk (Vista / Windows 7)
¦A computer running Vista / Windows 7
Step 1: Format the Drive
The steps here are to use the command line to format the disk properly using the diskpart utility. [Be warned: this will erase everything on your drive. Be careful.]
1.Plug in your USB Flash Drive
2.Open a command prompt as administrator (Right click on Start > All Programs > Accessories > Command Prompt and select “Run as administrator”
3.Find the drive number of your USB Drive by typing the following into the Command Prompt window:
diskpart
list disk
The number of your USB drive will listed. You’ll need this for the next step. I’ll assume that the USB flash drive is disk 1.
4.Format the drive by typing the next instructions into the same window. Replace the number “1” with the number of your disk below.
select disk 1
clean
create partition primary
select partition 1
active
format fs=NTFS
assign
exit
When that is done you’ll have a formatted USB flash drive ready to be made bootable.
Step 2: Make the Drive Bootable
Next we’ll use the bootsect utility that comes on the Vista or Windows 7 disk to make the flash drive bootable. In the same command window that you were using in Step 1:
1.Insert your Windows Vista / 7 DVD into your drive.
2.Change directory to the DVD’s boot directory where bootsect lives:
d:
cd d:\boot
3.Use bootsect to set the USB as a bootable NTFS drive prepared for a Vista/7 image. I’m assuming that your USB flash drive has been labeled disk G:\ by the computer:
bootsect /nt60 g:
4.You can now close the command prompt window, we’re done here.
Step 3: Copy the installation DVD to the USB drive
The easiest way is to use Windows explorer to copy all of the files on your DVD on to the formatted flash drive. After you’ve copied all of the files the disk you are ready to go.
Step 4: Set your BIOS to boot from USB
This is where you’re on your own since every computer is different. Most BIOS’s allow you to hit a key at boot and select a boot option.
Tuesday, March 16, 2010
Online fm in test transmission
Our online fm is under test tranmission and soon will on air and if you want to listen you favourite songs then do mail us at
playmychoice@gmail.com
We will definitely play your request.
Online FM Team
playmychoice@gmail.com
We will definitely play your request.
Online FM Team
Monday, March 15, 2010
Alertpay
Alertpay
Most of the uses paypal for online payment but paypal is not allowed in nepal so most of the people of nepal made account with the address of India was working fine but new system in paypal has cause problem for many .Now with Indian address acc neount ed mobilen no and pan no so that is given by tax authority so that is not possible to get so better to go for next service.
Alertpay is just similar but all maynot accept alertpay but now most of online user accept alertpay .
If u wish ten you can open account and u can also make transaction.
For new user follow this link:Alertpay
Most of the uses paypal for online payment but paypal is not allowed in nepal so most of the people of nepal made account with the address of India was working fine but new system in paypal has cause problem for many .Now with Indian address acc neount ed mobilen no and pan no so that is given by tax authority so that is not possible to get so better to go for next service.
Alertpay is just similar but all maynot accept alertpay but now most of online user accept alertpay .
If u wish ten you can open account and u can also make transaction.
For new user follow this link:Alertpay
Saturday, March 13, 2010
Funny sms
When i open my eyes every morning
When i open my eyes every morning i pray to God that everyone should have a friend like you.... Why should only i suffer!!!
One day Santas Girlfriend asks him,
One day Santas Girlfriend asks him, Darling, om our Engagement will you give me a RING?Santa:Ya sure, Give me ur Telephone No.
When I was born Devil said..
When I was born Devil said...Oh Shit!!! Another GOD!!!..& When u were born devil said ...Oh Shit!!!!Competition...!!! ....
Fill in the blank...Im ur .....friend-
Fill in the blank...Im ur .....friend- a)-Cute b)-Sweet c)-Loving d)-Boy/Girl e)-Best of all Reply is a must...
Do U know the fullform of COLLEGE-
Do U know the fullform of COLLEGE- C-Come,O-On,L-Lets, L-Love, E-Each,G-Girl,E-Equally......Thats why boys go to college regularly....
Who said english is easy???Fill in the blank
Who said english is easy???Fill in the blank with YES or No... 1.-----I dont have brain... 2.-----I dont have sence... 3.-----I am stupid....
If ur world is spining Round & Round.
If ur world is spining Round & Round..& Round....Ur heart is beating fast ,do u think its LOVE? na Munna na its called high B/P...
Merry Christmas, Enjoy New Year,
Merry Christmas, Enjoy New Year, Happy Easter, Good luck on Valentines, Spooky Halloween & Happy Birthday Now bug off and don't annoy me for the next 12 months!!!!
what happend 2 ur mobile?
what happend 2 ur mobile? i was trying 2 call u but i got this msg: welcome 2 D jungle network,D monkey u r tring 2 call is on tree plz try later.
First the engagement ring, then t
First the engagement ring, then the wedding ring, then the suffering
Last night I lay in my bed
Last night I lay in my bed looking at the beautiful stars, the moon and the sky...then i thought where the fuck is my roof
Birdy birdy in the sky dropped
Birdy birdy in the sky dropped a poopy in my eye, I don't worry I don't cry, I'm just happy that cows can't fly!
If your a Vegetarian to be nice
If your a Vegetarian to be nice to animals, why are you eating there food
I'm a killer, i kill people for money
I'm a killer, i kill people for money, but you are my friend
I KILL YOU FOR FREE !!
Its been a rough day.I got up this
Its been a rough day.I got up this morning,put on a shirt N a button fell off.I picked up my briefcase N the handle came off.I'm afraid 2 go 2 the bathroom
When i open my eyes every morning i pray to God that everyone should have a friend like you.... Why should only i suffer!!!
One day Santas Girlfriend asks him,
One day Santas Girlfriend asks him, Darling, om our Engagement will you give me a RING?Santa:Ya sure, Give me ur Telephone No.
When I was born Devil said..
When I was born Devil said...Oh Shit!!! Another GOD!!!..& When u were born devil said ...Oh Shit!!!!Competition...!!! ....
Fill in the blank...Im ur .....friend-
Fill in the blank...Im ur .....friend- a)-Cute b)-Sweet c)-Loving d)-Boy/Girl e)-Best of all Reply is a must...
Do U know the fullform of COLLEGE-
Do U know the fullform of COLLEGE- C-Come,O-On,L-Lets, L-Love, E-Each,G-Girl,E-Equally......Thats why boys go to college regularly....
Who said english is easy???Fill in the blank
Who said english is easy???Fill in the blank with YES or No... 1.-----I dont have brain... 2.-----I dont have sence... 3.-----I am stupid....
If ur world is spining Round & Round.
If ur world is spining Round & Round..& Round....Ur heart is beating fast ,do u think its LOVE? na Munna na its called high B/P...
Merry Christmas, Enjoy New Year,
Merry Christmas, Enjoy New Year, Happy Easter, Good luck on Valentines, Spooky Halloween & Happy Birthday Now bug off and don't annoy me for the next 12 months!!!!
what happend 2 ur mobile?
what happend 2 ur mobile? i was trying 2 call u but i got this msg: welcome 2 D jungle network,D monkey u r tring 2 call is on tree plz try later.
First the engagement ring, then t
First the engagement ring, then the wedding ring, then the suffering
Last night I lay in my bed
Last night I lay in my bed looking at the beautiful stars, the moon and the sky...then i thought where the fuck is my roof
Birdy birdy in the sky dropped
Birdy birdy in the sky dropped a poopy in my eye, I don't worry I don't cry, I'm just happy that cows can't fly!
If your a Vegetarian to be nice
If your a Vegetarian to be nice to animals, why are you eating there food
I'm a killer, i kill people for money
I'm a killer, i kill people for money, but you are my friend
I KILL YOU FOR FREE !!
Its been a rough day.I got up this
Its been a rough day.I got up this morning,put on a shirt N a button fell off.I picked up my briefcase N the handle came off.I'm afraid 2 go 2 the bathroom
LOVE SMS
Love SMS
Friendship is not a game to play, It is not a word to say, It doesn't start on March and ends on May, It is tomorrow, yesterday, today and everyday
Its not an achievement to make 1000's friends in a year, but an achievement is when you make a friend for 1000's years.
Life ends when you stop dreaming
Life ends when you stop dreaming, hope ends when you stop believing and love ends when you stop caring. So dream hope and love...Makes Life Beautiful
Time will always fly
Time will always fly, but our love will never die. Keep in touch and remeber me
When You give your heart
When time comes for u to give ur heart to someone, make sure u select someone who will never break ur heart, cuz broken hearts has never spare parts.
Write on Bricks
I m going to write on all the bricks I MISS U and i wish that one falls on ur head,so that u knows how it hurts when u miss someone special like u.
If 10 people care 4 u
If 10 people care 4 u, one of them is me, if 1 person cares 4 u that would be me again, if no 1 cares 4 u that means i m not in this world.
I m feeling so happy
I m feeling so happy, do u know why? cuz i m so lucky, do u know how? cuz God loves me.Do u know how? cuz he gave me a gift. Do u know what? its YOU my love.
First time i saw u
1st time i saw u i was scared 2 touch u.1st time i touched u i was scared 2 kiss u.1st time i kiss u i was scared to luv u.but now dat i luv u im scared 2 lose u!
If i were a tear in ur eye
If i were a tear in ur eye i wood roll down onto ur lips.But if u were a tear in my eye i wood never cry as i wood be afraid 2 lose u!
I love all the stars in the sky,
I love all the stars in the sky, but they are nothing compared to the ones in your eyes!
Friendship is not a game to play, It is not a word to say, It doesn't start on March and ends on May, It is tomorrow, yesterday, today and everyday
Its not an achievement to make 1000's friends in a year, but an achievement is when you make a friend for 1000's years.
Life ends when you stop dreaming
Life ends when you stop dreaming, hope ends when you stop believing and love ends when you stop caring. So dream hope and love...Makes Life Beautiful
Time will always fly
Time will always fly, but our love will never die. Keep in touch and remeber me
When You give your heart
When time comes for u to give ur heart to someone, make sure u select someone who will never break ur heart, cuz broken hearts has never spare parts.
Write on Bricks
I m going to write on all the bricks I MISS U and i wish that one falls on ur head,so that u knows how it hurts when u miss someone special like u.
If 10 people care 4 u
If 10 people care 4 u, one of them is me, if 1 person cares 4 u that would be me again, if no 1 cares 4 u that means i m not in this world.
I m feeling so happy
I m feeling so happy, do u know why? cuz i m so lucky, do u know how? cuz God loves me.Do u know how? cuz he gave me a gift. Do u know what? its YOU my love.
First time i saw u
1st time i saw u i was scared 2 touch u.1st time i touched u i was scared 2 kiss u.1st time i kiss u i was scared to luv u.but now dat i luv u im scared 2 lose u!
If i were a tear in ur eye
If i were a tear in ur eye i wood roll down onto ur lips.But if u were a tear in my eye i wood never cry as i wood be afraid 2 lose u!
I love all the stars in the sky,
I love all the stars in the sky, but they are nothing compared to the ones in your eyes!
Download Videos from Youtube
YouTube has been one of the most popular website to view all kind of videos posted by people around the world. Just enter the YouTube website and you can search virtually any kind of videos on the subject you like.
With embedded HTML code and video streaming technology, you are able to watch videos directly from your browser. You are also able to post text comment or a video response to the videos, view other related videos and upload your own video as well. With lots of features given, unfortunately there is one feature that YouTube does not provide and that is to let you download the video
But here is a trick to let you download and save the video for offline viewing.
1. Go to any YouTube video you are watching. Right click on page and select the "View Source" option from the menu. Or "View Page Source" for FireFox browser.
2. Press "CTRL + F" to search for a word "player2.swf". And notice there is a HTML line like this:
"/player2.swf?hl=en&video_id=tRTk0RPXtW4&l=63&t=OEgsToPDskIQlbZwT1Qgaln7RKqMqrKe"
3. Replace the "/player2.swf" to "http://www.youtube.com/get_video" and it will become:
"http://www.youtube.com/get_video?video_id=tRTk0RPXtW4&l=63&t=OEgsToPDskIQlbZwT1Qgaln7RKqMqrKe"
4. Paste it to the "Address Bar" at top of your browser and press "Enter". Then it will prompt you to save the video. REMEMBER to name your video with the ".flv" extension at the end of the filename. A correct example would be something like "myvideo.flv".
Keep in mind that the video you have saved just now is in Flash Video Format. It is the standard file format YouTube use to play video on their website. So, your Windows Media Player might not able to play the video. But no worry, what you need to do is just go to google.com and search for "flv player" and there are couples of Free player available. Just download and install it on your computer you will be able to watch the video you saved just now.
OK, now grab the popcorn and enjoy the movie!
Find out how you can retrieve a download link of YouTube video automatically at http://www.kissyoutube.com/
OR U CAN ALSO DOWNLOAD IDM(INTERNET DOWNLOAD MANAGER)
AND IT WILL ALSO DOWNLOAD.
With embedded HTML code and video streaming technology, you are able to watch videos directly from your browser. You are also able to post text comment or a video response to the videos, view other related videos and upload your own video as well. With lots of features given, unfortunately there is one feature that YouTube does not provide and that is to let you download the video
But here is a trick to let you download and save the video for offline viewing.
1. Go to any YouTube video you are watching. Right click on page and select the "View Source" option from the menu. Or "View Page Source" for FireFox browser.
2. Press "CTRL + F" to search for a word "player2.swf". And notice there is a HTML line like this:
"/player2.swf?hl=en&video_id=tRTk0RPXtW4&l=63&t=OEgsToPDskIQlbZwT1Qgaln7RKqMqrKe"
3. Replace the "/player2.swf" to "http://www.youtube.com/get_video" and it will become:
"http://www.youtube.com/get_video?video_id=tRTk0RPXtW4&l=63&t=OEgsToPDskIQlbZwT1Qgaln7RKqMqrKe"
4. Paste it to the "Address Bar" at top of your browser and press "Enter". Then it will prompt you to save the video. REMEMBER to name your video with the ".flv" extension at the end of the filename. A correct example would be something like "myvideo.flv".
Keep in mind that the video you have saved just now is in Flash Video Format. It is the standard file format YouTube use to play video on their website. So, your Windows Media Player might not able to play the video. But no worry, what you need to do is just go to google.com and search for "flv player" and there are couples of Free player available. Just download and install it on your computer you will be able to watch the video you saved just now.
OK, now grab the popcorn and enjoy the movie!
Find out how you can retrieve a download link of YouTube video automatically at http://www.kissyoutube.com/
OR U CAN ALSO DOWNLOAD IDM(INTERNET DOWNLOAD MANAGER)
AND IT WILL ALSO DOWNLOAD.
Stop watch mobile application
Stop watch mobile application
Download from:-http://www.ziddu.com/download/8947716/stopwatch11midp1.jar.html
Download from:-http://www.ziddu.com/download/8947716/stopwatch11midp1.jar.html
Mobile application
U have to paste in any folder in mobile and u have to set up as you do to setup in computer.
Full version.
Enjoy
Download from:-http://www.ziddu.com/download/8947685/SolveMyMath_Scientific_Calculator.jar.html
Full version.
Enjoy
Download from:-http://www.ziddu.com/download/8947685/SolveMyMath_Scientific_Calculator.jar.html
Friday, March 12, 2010
Crack Window's Password in 5 minutes
Items Needed:
- Blank CD
- Ophcrack
To find the Window's password, you'll need a program called Ophcrack. It is completely free, and works very well. Ophcrack is not really a program--it is a LiveCD that is burned to a blank CD (or a USB flash drive if using on a newer computer) and runs rainbow tables on a Slackware base.
Installing
Navigate to the official Ophcrack website at http://ophcrack.sourceforge.net/ -- download the Live CD ISO and save it to your computer. Once it is downloaded, you will need to burn the disc image to a blank CD. The software used will vary--if your system doesn't have burning software already installed, you can download a trial of Nero, or something free like ImgBurn. Burn it at a low speed.
Using
To use the software, insert the CD into the optical drive on the computer you wish to gain access to and hold the power button until it shuts down. Turn it back on and when the compute logo appears, press the button for the system to enter BIOS. Change the boot sequence to CD first, then Save and Exit BIOS.
Download Software from Here:http://www.ziddu.com/download/8943900/ophcrack-win32-installer-3.3.1.exe.html
- Blank CD
- Ophcrack
To find the Window's password, you'll need a program called Ophcrack. It is completely free, and works very well. Ophcrack is not really a program--it is a LiveCD that is burned to a blank CD (or a USB flash drive if using on a newer computer) and runs rainbow tables on a Slackware base.
Installing
Navigate to the official Ophcrack website at http://ophcrack.sourceforge.net/ -- download the Live CD ISO and save it to your computer. Once it is downloaded, you will need to burn the disc image to a blank CD. The software used will vary--if your system doesn't have burning software already installed, you can download a trial of Nero, or something free like ImgBurn. Burn it at a low speed.
Using
To use the software, insert the CD into the optical drive on the computer you wish to gain access to and hold the power button until it shuts down. Turn it back on and when the compute logo appears, press the button for the system to enter BIOS. Change the boot sequence to CD first, then Save and Exit BIOS.
Download Software from Here:http://www.ziddu.com/download/8943900/ophcrack-win32-installer-3.3.1.exe.html
How to block a Website using Internet Explorer
How to block a Website using Internet Explorer
Internet Explorer version 5 and later offer the ability for heighten security and privacy. You can block a site by following the directions below:
1. Load your Internet explorer
2. Click Tools
3. Click Internet Options
4. Click the Privacy tab
5. Under the Privacy window, Click Sites
6. Type in the site address that you want to Block and Click OK. Remember this technique only blocks on one site at a time. Parental control software will allow you to block multiple sites and categories.
Internet Explorer version 5 and later offer the ability for heighten security and privacy. You can block a site by following the directions below:
1. Load your Internet explorer
2. Click Tools
3. Click Internet Options
4. Click the Privacy tab
5. Under the Privacy window, Click Sites
6. Type in the site address that you want to Block and Click OK. Remember this technique only blocks on one site at a time. Parental control software will allow you to block multiple sites and categories.
Wireless Internet Keys
1. Introduction
Wireless networks broadcast their packets using radio frequency or optical wavelengths. A modern laptop computer can listen in. Worse, an attacker can manufacture new packets on the fly and persuade wireless stations to accept his packets as legitimate.
We use the term hacking as described below.
hacker n. [originally, someone who makes furniture with an axe] 1. A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary. 2. One who programs enthusiastically (even obsessively) or who enjoys programming rather than just theorizing about programming. 3. A person capable of appreciating hack value. 4. A person who is good at programming quickly. 5. An expert at a particular program, or one who frequently does work using it or on it; as in `a Unix hacker'. (Definitions 1 through 5 are correlated, and people who fit them congregate.) 6. An expert or enthusiast of any kind. One might be an astronomy hacker, for example. 7. One who enjoys the intellectual challenge of creatively overcoming or circumventing limitations. 8. [deprecated] A malicious meddler who tries to discover sensitive information by poking around. Hence `password hacker', `network hacker'. The correct term for this sense is cracker.
From The Jargon Dictionary http://info.astrian.net/jargon/
This article describes IEEE 802.11-specific hacking techniques that attackers have used, and suggests various defensive measures. It is not an overview of security features proposed in WPA or IEEE 802.11i. We do not consider legal implications, or the intent behind such hacking, whether malevolent or benevolent. The article’s focus is in describing techniques, methods, analyses and uses in ways unintended by the designers of IEEE 802.11.
2. Wireless LAN Overview
In this section, we give a brief overview of wireless LAN (WLAN) while emphasizing the features that help an attacker. We assume that the reader is familiar with the TCP/IP suite (see, e.g., [Mateti 2003]).
IEEE 802.11 refers to a family of specifications (www.ieee802.org/11/) developed by the IEEE for over-the-air interface between a wireless client and an AP or between two wireless clients. To be called 802.11 devices, they must conform to the Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer specifications. The IEEE 802.11 standard covers the Physical (Layer 1) and Data Link (Layer 2) layers of the OSI Model. In this article, we are mainly concerned with the MAC layer and not the variations of the physical layer known as 802.11a/b/g.
2.1 Stations and Access Points
A wireless network interface card (adapter) is a device, called a station, providing the network physical layer over a radio link to another station. An access point (AP) is a station that provides frame distribution service to stations associated with it. The AP itself is typically connected by wire to a LAN.The station and AP each contain a network interface that has a Media Access Control (MAC) address, just as wired network cards do. This address is a world-wide-unique 48-bit number, assigned to it at the time of manufacture. The 48-bit address is often represented as a string of six octets separated by colons (e.g., 00:02:2D:17:B9:E8) or hyphens (e.g., 00-02-2D-17-B9-E8). While the MAC address as assigned by the manufacturer is printed on the device, the address can be changed in software. Each AP has a 0 to 32 byte long Service Set Identifier (SSID) that is also commonly called a network name. The SSID is used to segment the airwaves for usage. If two wireless networks are physically close, the SSIDs label the respective networks, and allow the components of one network to ignore those of the other. SSIDs can also be mapped to virtual LANs; thus, some APs support multiple SSIDs. Unlike fully qualified host names (e.g., gamma.cs.wright.edu), SSIDs are not registered, and it is possible that two unrelated networks use the same SSID.
2.2 Channels
The stations communicate with each other using radio frequencies between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz. Neighboring channels are only 5 MHz apart. Two wireless networks using neighboring channels may interfere with each other.
2.3 WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a shared-secret key encryption system used to encrypt packets transmitted between a station and an AP. The WEP algorithm is intended to protect wireless communication from eavesdropping. A secondary function of WEP is to prevent unauthorized access to a wireless network. WEP encrypts the payload of data packets. Management and control frames are always transmitted in the clear. WEP uses the RC4 encryption algorithm. The shared-secret key is either 40 or 104 bits long. The key is chosen by the system administrator. This key must be shared among all the stations and the AP using mechanisms that are not specified in the IEEE 802.11.
2.4 Infrastructure and Ad Hoc Modes
A wireless network operates in one of two modes. In the ad hoc mode, each station is a peer to the other stations and communicates directly with other stations within the network. No AP is involved. All stations can send Beacon and Probe frames. The ad hoc mode stations form an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS).
A station in the infrastructure mode communicates only with an AP. Basic Service Set (BSS) is a set of stations that are logically associated with each other and controlled by a single AP. Together they operate as a fully connected wireless network. The BSSID is a 48-bit number of the same format as a MAC address. This field uniquely identifies each BSS. The value of this field is the MAC address of the AP.
2.5 Frames
Both the station and AP radiate and gather 802.11 frames as needed. The format of frames is illustrated below. Most of the frames contain IP packets. The other frames are for the management and control of the wireless connection.
There are three classes of frames. The management frames establish and maintain communications. These are of Association request, Association response, Reassociation request, Reassociation response, Probe request, Probe response, Beacon, Announcement traffic indication message, Disassociation, Authentication, Deauthentication types. The SSID is part of several of the management frames. Management messages are always sent in the clear, even when link encryption (WEP or WPA) is used, so the SSID is visible to anyone who can intercept these frames.
The control frames help in the delivery of data.
The data frames encapsulate the OSI Network Layer packets. These contain the source and destination MAC address, the BSSID, and the TCP/IP datagram. The payload part of the datagram is WEP-encrypted.
2.6 Authentication
Authentication is the process of proving identity of a station to another station or AP. In the open system authentication, all stations are authenticated without any checking. A station A sends an Authentication management frame that contains the identity of A, to station B. Station B replies with a frame that indicates recognition, addressed to A. In the closed network architecture, the stations must know the SSID of the AP in order to connect to the AP. The shared key authentication uses a standard challenge and response along with a shared secret key.
2.7 Association
Data can be exchanged between the station and AP only after a station is associated with an AP in the infrastructure mode or with another station in the ad hoc mode. All the APs transmit Beacon frames a few times each second that contain the SSID, time, capabilities, supported rates, and other information. Stations can chose to associate with an AP based on the signal strength etc. of each AP. Stations can have a null SSID that is considered to match all SSIDs.The association is a two-step process. A station that is currently unauthenticated and unassociated listens for Beacon frames. The station selects a BSS to join. The station and the AP mutually authenticate themselves by exchanging Authentication management frames. The client is now authenticated, but unassociated. In the second step, the station sends an Association Request frame, to which the AP responds with an Association Response frame that includes an Association ID to the station. The station is now authenticated and associated.A station can be authenticated with several APs at the same time, but associated with at most one AP at any time. Association implies authentication. There is no state where a station is associated but not authenticated.
3. Wireless Network Sniffing
Sniffing is eavesdropping on the network. A (packet) sniffer is a program that intercepts and decodes network traffic broadcast through a medium. Sniffing is the act by a machine S of making copies of a network packet sent by machine A intended to be received by machine B. Such sniffing, strictly speaking, is not a TCP/IP problem, but it is enabled by the choice of broadcast media, Ethernet and 802.11, as the physical and data link layers.Sniffing has long been a reconnaissance technique used in wired networks. Attackers sniff the frames necessary to enable the exploits described in later sections. Sniffing is the underlying technique used in tools that monitor the health of a network. Sniffing can also help find the easy kill as in scanning for open access points that allow anyone to connect, or capturing the passwords used in a connection session that does not even use WEP, or in telnet, rlogin and ftp connections. It is easier to sniff wireless networks than wired ones. It is easy to sniff the wireless traffic of a building by setting shop in a car parked in a lot as far away as a mile, or while driving around the block. In a wired network, the attacker must find a way to install a sniffer on one or more of the hosts in the targeted subnet. Depending on the equipment used in a LAN, a sniffer needs to be run either on the victim machine whose traffic is of interest or on some other host in the same subnet as the victim. An attacker at large on the Internet has other techniques that make it possible to install a sniffer remotely on the victim machine.
3.1 Passive Scanning
Scanning is the act of sniffing by tuning to various radio channels of the devices. A passive network scanner instructs the wireless card to listen to each channel for a few messages. This does not reveal the presence of the scanner.An attacker can passively scan without transmitting at all. Several modes of a station permit this. There is a mode called RF monitor mode that allows every frame appearing on a channel to be copied as the radio of the station tunes to various channels. This is analogous to placing a wired Ethernet card in promiscuous mode. This mode is not enabled by default. Some wireless cards on the market today have disabled this feature in the default firmware. One can buy wireless cards whose firmware and corresponding driver software together permit reading of all raw 802.11 frames. A station in monitor mode can capture packets without associating with an AP or ad-hoc network. The so-called promiscuous mode allows the capture of all wireless packets of an associated network. In this mode, packets cannot be read until authentication and association are completed.
An example sniffer is Kismet (http://www.kismetwireless.net/). An example wireless card that permits RF monitor modes is Cisco Aironet AIR-PCM342.
3.2 Detection of SSID
The attacker can discover the SSID of a network usually by passive scanning because the SSID occurs in the following frame types: Beacon, Probe Requests, Probe Responses, Association Requests, and Reassociation Requests. Recall that management frames are always in the clear, even when WEP is enabled.On a number of APs, it is possible to configure so that the SSID transmitted in the Beacon frames is masked, or even turn off Beacons altogether. The SSID shown in the Beacon frames is set to null in the hope of making the WLAN invisible unless a client already knows the correct SSID. In such a case, a station wishing to join a WLAN begins the association process by sending Probe Requests since it could not detect any APs via Beacons that match its SSID.
If the Beacons are not turned off, and the SSID in them is not set to null, an attacker obtains the SSID included in the Beacon frame by passive scanning.
When the Beacon displays a null SSID, there are two possibilities. Eventually, an Associate Request may appear from a legitimate station that already has a correct SSID. To such a request, there will be an Associate Response frame from the AP. Both frames will contain the SSID in the clear, and the attacker sniffs these. If the station wishes to join any available AP, it sends Probe Requests on all channels, and listens for Probe Responses that contain the SSIDs of the APs. The station considers all Probe Responses, just as it would have with the non-empty SSID Beacon frames, to select an AP. Normal association then begins. The attacker waits to sniff these Probe Responses and extract the SSIDs.
If Beacon transmission is disabled, the attacker has two choices. The attacker can keep sniffing waiting for a voluntary Associate Request to appear from a legitimate station that already has a correct SSID and sniff the SSID as described above. The attacker can also chose to actively probe by injecting frames that he constructs, and then sniffs the response as described in a later section.
When the above methods fail, SSID discovery is done by active scanning (see Section 5).
3.3 Collecting the MAC Addresses
The attacker gathers legitimate MAC addresses for use later in constructing spoofed frames. The source and destination MAC addresses are always in the clear in all the frames. There are two reasons why an attacker would collect MAC addresses of stations and APs participating in a wireless network. (1) The attacker wishes to use these values in spoofed frames so that his station or AP is not identified. (2) The targeted AP may be controlling access by filtering out frames with MAC addresses that were not registered.
3.4 Collecting the Frames for Cracking WEP
The goal of an attacker is to discover the WEP shared-secret key. Often, the shared key can be discovered by guesswork based on a certain amount of social engineering regarding the administrator who configures the wireless LAN and all its users. Some client software stores the WEP keys in the operating system registry or initialization scripts. In the following, we assume that the attacker was unsuccessful in obtaining the key in this manner. The attacker then employs systematic procedures in cracking the WEP. For this purpose, a large number (millions) of frames need to be collected because of the way WEP works.The wireless device generates on the fly an Initialization Vector (IV) of 24-bits. Adding these bits to the shared-secret key of either 40 or 104 bits, we often speak of 64-, or 128-bit encryption. WEP generates a pseudo-random key stream from the shared secret key and the IV. The CRC-32 checksum of the plain text, known as the Integrity Check (IC) field, is appended to the data to be sent. It is then exclusive-ORed with the pseudo-random key stream to produce the cipher text. The IV is appended in the clear to the cipher text and transmitted. The receiver extracts the IV, uses the secret key to re-generate the random key stream, and exclusive-ORs the received cipher text to yield the original plaintext.Certain cards are so simplistic that they start their IV as 0 and increment it by 1 for each frame, resetting in between for some events. Even the better cards generate weak IVs from which the first few bytes of the shared key can be computed after statistical analyses. Some implementations generate fewer mathematically weak vectors than others do.
The attacker sniffs a large number of frames from a single BSS. These frames all use the same key. The mathematics behind the systematic computation of the secret shared key from a collection of cipher text extracted from these frames is described elsewhere in this volume. What is needed however is a collection of frames that were encrypted using “mathematically-weak” IVs. The number of encrypted frames that were mathematically weak is a small percentage of all frames. In a collection of a million frames, there may only be a hundred mathematically weak frames. It is conceivable that the collection may take a few hours to several days depending on how busy the WLAN is.
Given a sufficient number of mathematically weak frames, the systematic computation that exposes the bytes of the secret key is intensive. However, an attacker can employ powerful computers. On an average PC, this may take a few seconds to hours. The storage of the large numbers of frames is in the several hundred-mega bytes to a few giga bytes range.
An example of a WEP cracking tool is AirSnort ( http://airsnort.shmoo.com ).
3.5 Detection of the Sniffers
Detecting the presence of a wireless sniffer, who remains radio-silent, through network security measures is virtually impossible. Once the attacker begins probing (i.e., by injecting packets), the presence and the coordinates of the wireless device can be detected.
4. Wireless Spoofing
There are well-known attack techniques known as spoofing in both wired and wireless networks. The attacker constructs frames by filling selected fields that contain addresses or identifiers with legitimate looking but non-existent values, or with values that belong to others. The attacker would have collected these legitimate values through sniffing.
4.1 MAC Address Spoofing
The attacker generally desires to be hidden. But the probing activity injects frames that are observable by system administrators. The attacker fills the Sender MAC Address field of the injected frames with a spoofed value so that his equipment is not identified.Typical APs control access by permitting only those stations with known MAC addresses. Either the attacker has to compromise a computer system that has a station, or he spoofs with legitimate MAC addresses in frames that he manufactures. MAC addresses are assigned at the time of manufacture, but setting the MAC address of a wireless card or AP to an arbitrary chosen value is a simple matter of invoking an appropriate software tool that engages in a dialog with the user and accepts values. Such tools are routinely included when a station or AP is purchased. The attacker, however, changes the MAC address programmatically, sends several frames with that address, and repeats this with another MAC address. In a period of a second, this can happen several thousand times.When an AP is not filtering MAC addresses, there is no need for the attacker to use legitimate MACaddresses. However, in certain attacks, the attacker needs to have a large number of MAC addresses than he could collect by sniffing. Random MAC addresses are generated. However, not every random sequence of six bytes is a MAC address. The IEEE assigns globally the first three bytes, and the manufacturer chooses the last three bytes. The officially assigned numbers are publicly available. The attacker generates a random MAC address by selecting an IEEE-assigned three bytes appended with an additional three random bytes.
4.2 IP spoofing
Replacing the true IP address of the sender (or, in rare cases, the destination) with a different address is known as IP spoofing. This is a necessary operation in many attacks.The IP layer of the OS simply trusts that the source address, as it appears in an IP packet is valid. It assumes that the packet it received indeed was sent by the host officially assigned that source address. Because the IP layer of the OS normally adds these IP addresses to a data packet, a spoofer must circumvent the IP layer and talk directly to the raw network device. Note that the attacker’s machine cannot simply be assigned the IP address of another host X using ifconfig or a similar configuration tool. Other hosts, as well as X, will discover (through ARP, for example) that there are two machines with the same IP address.
IP spoofing is an integral part of many attacks. For example, an attacker can silence a host A from sending further packets to B by sending a spoofed packet announcing a window size of zero to A as though it originated from B.
4.3 Frame Spoofing
The attacker will inject frames that are valid by 802.11 specifications, but whose content is carefully spoofed as described above.Frames themselves are not authenticated in 802.11 networks. So when a frame has a spoofed source address, it cannot be detected unless the address is wholly bogus. If the frame to be spoofed is a management or control frame, there is no encryption to deal with. If it is a data frame, perhaps as part of an on-going MITM attack, the data payload must be properly encrypted.
Construction of the byte stream that constitutes a spoofed frame is a programming matter once the attacker has gathered the needed information through sniffing and probing. There are software libraries that ease this task. Examples of such libraries are libpcap (sourceforge.net/projects/libpcap/), libnet (libnet.sourceforge.net/), libdnet (libdnet. sourceforge.net/) and libradiate (www.packetfactory.net/projects/libradiate/ ).
The difficulty here is not in the construction of the contents of the frame, but in getting, it radiated (transmitted) by the station or an AP. This requires control over the firmware and driver of the wireless card that may sanitize certain fields of a frame. Therefore, the attacker selects his equipment carefully. Currently, there are off-the-shelf wireless cards that can be manipulated. In addition, the construction of special purpose wireless cards is within the reach of a resourceful attacker.
5. Wireless Network Probing
Even though the attacker gathers considerable amount of information regarding a wireless network through sniffing, without revealing his wireless presence at all, there are pieces that may still be missing. The attacker then sends artificially constructed packets to a target that trigger useful responses. This activity is known as probing or active scanning.
The target may discover that it is being probed, it might even be a honey pot (www.honeynet.org/) target carefully constructed to trap the attacker. The attacker would try to minimize this risk.
5.1 Detection of SSID
Detection of SSID is often possible by simply sniffing Beacon frames as describe in a previous section.
If Beacon transmission is disabled, and the attacker does not wish to patiently wait for a voluntary Associate Request to appear from a legitimate station that already has a correct SSID, or Probe Requests from legitimate stations, he will resort to probing by injecting a Probe Request frame that contains a spoofed source MAC address. The Probe Response frame from the APs will contain, in the clear, the SSID and other information similar to that in the Beacon frames were they enabled. The attacker sniffs these Probe Responses and extracts the SSIDs.
Some models of APs have an option to disable responding to Probe Requests that do not contain the correct SSID. In this case, the attacker determines a station associated with the AP, and sends the station a forged Disassociation frame where the source MAC address is set to that of the AP. The station will send a Reassociation Request that exposes the SSID.
5.2 Detection of APs and stations
Every AP is a station, so SSIDs, MAC addresses are gathered as described above.
Certain bits in the frames identify that the frame is from an AP. If we assume that WEP is either disabled or cracked, the attacker can also gather the IP addresses of the AP and the stations.
5.3 Detection of Probing
Detection of probing is possible. The frames that an attacker injects can also be heard by the intrusion detection systems (IDS) of hardened wireless LAN. There is GPS-enabled equipment that can identify the physical coordinates of a wireless device through which the probe frames are being transmitted.
6. AP Weaknesses
APs have weaknesses that are both due to design mistakes and user interfaces that promote weak passwords, etc. It has been demonstrated by many publicly conducted war-driving efforts (http://www.worldwidewardrive.org/) in major cities around the world that a large majority of the deployed APs are poorly configured, most with WEP disabled, and configuration defaults, as set up the manufacturer, untouched.
6.1 Configuration
The default WEP keys used are often too trivial. Different APs use different techniques to convert the user’s key board input into a bit vector. Usually 5 or 13 ASCII printable characters are directly mapped by concatenating their ASCII 8-bit codes into a 40-bit or 104-bit WEP key. A stronger key can be constructed from an input of 26 hexadecimal digits. It is possible to form an even stronger104 bit WEP key by truncating the MD5 hash of an arbitrary length pass phrase.
6.2 Defeating MAC Filtering
Typical APs permit access to only those stations with known MAC addresses. This is easily defeated by the attacker who spoofs his frames with a MAC address that is registered with the AP from among the ones that he collected through sniffing. That a MAC address is registered can be detected by observing the frames from the AP to the stations.
6.3 Rogue AP
Access points that are installed without proper authorization and verification that overall security policy is obeyed are called rogue APs. These are installed and used by valid users. Such APs are configured poorly, and attackers will find them.
6.4 Trojan AP
An attacker sets up an AP so that the targeted station receives a stronger signal from it than what it receives from a legitimate AP. If WEP is enabled, the attacker would have already cracked it. A legitimate user selects the Trojan AP because of the stronger signal, authenticates and associates. The Trojan AP is connected to a system that collects the IP traffic for later analyses. It then transmits all the frames to a legitimate AP so that the victim user does not recognize the on-going MITM attack. The attacker can steal the users password, network access, compromise the user’s system to give himself root access. This attack is called the Evil Twin Attack.
It is easy to build a Trojan AP because an AP is a computer system optimized for its intended application. A general purpose PC with a wireless card can be turned into a capable AP. An example of such software is HostAP (http://hostap.epitest.fi/ ). Such a Trojaned AP would be formidable.
6.5 Equipment Flaws
A search on http://www.securityfocus.com/ with “access point vulnerabilities” will show that numerous flaws in equipment from well-known manufacturers are known. For example, one such AP crashes when a frame is sent to it that has the spoofed source MAC address of itself. Another AP features an embedded TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server. By requesting a file named config.img via TFTP, an attacker receives the binary image of the AP configuration. The image includes the administrator’s password required by the HTTP user interface, the WEP encryption keys, MAC address, and SSID. Yet another AP returns the WEP keys, MAC filter list, administrator’s password when sent a UDP packet to port 27155 containing the string “gstsearch”.
It is not clear how these flaws were discovered. The following is a likely procedure. Most manufacturers design their equipment so that its firmware can be flashed with a new and improved one in the field. The firmware images are downloaded from the manufacturers’ web site. The CPU used in the APs can be easily recognized, and the firmware can be systematically disassembled revealing the flaws at the assembly language level.
Comprehensive lists of such equipment flaws are likely circulating among the attackers
7. Denial of Service
A denial of service (DoS) occurs when a system is not providing services to authorized clients because of resource exhaustion by unauthorized clients. In wireless networks, DoS attacks are difficult to prevent, difficult to stop an on-going attack and the victim and its clients may not even detect the attacks. The duration of such DoS may range from milliseconds to hours. A DoS attack against an individual station enables session hijacking.
7.1 Jamming the Air Waves
A number of consumer appliances such as microwave ovens, baby monitors, and cordless phones operate on the unregulated 2.4GHz radio frequency. An attacker can unleash large amounts of noise using these devices and jam the airwaves so that the signal to noise drops so low, that the wireless LAN ceases to function. The only solution to this is RF proofing the surrounding environment.
7.2 Flooding with Associations
The AP inserts the data supplied by the station in the Association Request into a table called the association table that the AP maintains in its memory. The IEEE 802.11 specifies a maximum value of 2007 concurrent associations to an AP. The actual size of this table varies among different models of APs. When this table overflows, the AP would refuse further clients.
Having cracked WEP, an attacker authenticates several non-existing stations using legitimate-looking but randomly generated MAC addresses. The attacker then sends a flood of spoofed associate requests so that the association table overflows.
Enabling MAC filtering in the AP will prevent this attack.
7.3 Forged Dissociation
The attacker sends a spoofed Disassociation frame where the source MAC address is set to that of the AP. The station is still authenticated but needs only to reassociate and sends Reassociation Requests to the AP. The AP may send a Reassociation Response accepting the station and the station can then resume sending data. To prevent Reassociation, the attacker continues to send Disassociation frames for a desired period.
7.4 Forged Deauthentication
The attacker monitors all raw frames collecting the source and destination MAC addresses to verify that they are among the targeted victims. When a data or Association Response frame is observed, the attacker sends a spoofed Deauthentication frame where the source MAC address is spoofed to that of the AP. The station is now unassociated and unauthenticated, and needs to reconnect. To prevent a reconnection, the attacker continues to send Deauthentication frames for a desired period. The attacker may even rate limit the Deauthentication frames to avoid overloading an already congested network.
The mischievous packets of Disassociation and Deauthentication are sent directly to the client, so these will not be logged by the AP or IDS, and neither MAC filtering nor WEP protection will prevent it.
7.5 Power Saving
Power conservation is important for typical station laptops, so they frequently enter an 802.11 state called Doze. An attacker can steal packets intended for a station while the station is in the Doze state.
The 802.11 protocol requires a station to inform the AP through a successful frame exchange that it wishes to enter the Doze state from the Active state.
Periodically the station awakens and sends a PS-Poll frame to the AP. The AP will transmit in response the packets that were buffered for the station while it was dozing. This polling frame can be spoofed by an attacker causing the AP to send the collected packets and flush its internal buffers. An attacker can repeat these polling messages so that when the legitimate station periodically awakens and polls, AP will inform that there are no pending packets.
8. Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack refers to the situation where an attacker on host X inserts X between all communications between hosts B and C, and neither B nor C is aware of the presence of X. All messages sent by B do reach C but via X, and vice versa. The attacker can merely observe the communication or modify it before sending it out. An MITM attack can break connections that are otherwise secure. At the TCP level, SSH and VPN, e.g., are prone to this attack.
8.1 Wireless MIT
Assume that station B was authenticated with C, a legitimate AP. Attacker X is a laptop with two wireless cards. Through one card, he will present X as an AP. Attacker X sends Deauthentication frames to B using the C’s MAC address as the source, and the BSSID he has collected. B gets deauthenticated and begins a scan for an AP and may find X on a channel different from C. There is a race condition between X and C. If B associates with X, the MITM attack succeeded. X will re-transmit the frames it receives from B to C, and the frames it receives from C to B after suitable modifications.
The package of tools called AirJack (http://802.11ninja.net/airjack/) includes a program called monkey_jack that automates the MITM attack. This is programmed well so that the odds of it winning in the race condition mentioned above are improved.
8.2 ARP Poisoning
ARP cache poisoning is an old problem in wired networks. Wired networks have deployed mitigating techniques. But, the ARP poisoning technique is re-enabled in the presence of APs that are connected to a switch/hub along with other wired clients.
ARP is used to determine the MAC address of a device whose IP address is known. The translation is performed with a table look-up. The ARP cache accumulates as the host continues to network. If the ARP cache does not have an entry for an IP address, the outgoing IP packet is queued, and an ARP Request packet that effectively requests “If your IP address matches this target IP address, then please let me know what your Ethernet address is” is broadcast. The host with the target IP is expected to respond with an ARP Reply, which contains the MAC address of the host. Once the table is updated because of receiving this response, all the queued IP packets can now be sent. The entries in the table expire after a set time in order to account for possible hardware address changes for the same IP address. This change may have happened, e.g., due to the NIC being replaced.
Unfortunately, the ARP does not provide for any verification that the responses are from valid hosts or that it is receiving a spurious response as if it has sent an ARP Request. ARP poisoning is an attack technique exploiting this lack of verification. It corrupts the ARP cache that the OS maintains with wrong MAC addresses for some IP addresses. An attacker accomplishes this by sending an ARP Reply packet that is deliberately constructed with a “wrong” MAC address. The ARP is a stateless protocol. Thus, a machine receiving an ARP Reply cannot determine if the response is due to a request it sent or not.
ARP poisoning is one of the techniques that enables the man-in-the-middle attack. An attacker on machine X inserts himself between two hosts B and C by (i) poisoning B so that C’s IP address is associated with X’s MAC address, (ii) poisoning C so that B’s address is associated with X’s MAC address, and (iii) relaying the packets X receives.
The ARP poison attack is applicable to all hosts in a subnet. Most APs act as transparent MAC layer bridges, and so all stations associated with it are vulnerable. If an access point is connected directly to a hub or a switch without an intervening router/firewall, then all hosts connected to that hub or switch are susceptible also. Note that recent devices aimed at the home consumer market combine a network switch with may be four or five ports, an AP, a router and a DSL/cable modem connecting to the Internet at large. Internally, the AP is connected to the switch. As a result, an attacker on a wireless station can become a MITM between two wired hosts, one wired one wireless, or both wireless hosts.
The tool called Ettercap ((http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/) is capable of performing ARP poisoning.
8.3 Session Hijacking
Session hijacking occurs in the context of a “user”, whether human or computer. The user has an on-going connection with a server. Hijacking is said to occur when an attacker causes the user to lose his connection, and the attacker assumes his identity and privileges for a period.
An attacker disables temporarily the user’s system, say by a DoS attack or a buffer overflow exploit. The attacker then takes the identity of the user. The attacker now has all the access that the user has. When he is done, he stops the DoS attack, and lets the user resume. The user may not detect the interruption if the disruption lasts no more than a couple of seconds. Such hijacking can be achieved by using forged Disassociation DoS attack.
Corporate wireless networks are often set up so that the user is directed to an authentication server when his station attempts a connection with an AP. After the authentication, the attacker employs the session hijacking described above using spoofed MAC addresses.
9. War Driving
Equipped with wireless devices and related tools, and driving around in a vehicle or parking at interesting places with a goal of discovering easy-to-get-into wireless networks is known as war driving. War-drivers (http://www.wardrive.net/) define war driving as “The benign act of locating and logging wireless access points while in motion.” This benign act is of course useful to the attackers.
9.1 War chalking
War chalking is the practice of marking sidewalks and walls with special symbols to indicate that wireless access is nearby so that others do not need to go through the trouble of the same discovery. A search on http://www.google.com/ with key words “war driving maps” will produce a large number of hits. Yahoo! Maps can show "Wi-fi Hotspots" near an address you give.
9.2 Typical Equipment
The typical war driving equipment consists of a laptop computer system or a PDA with a wireless card, a GPS, and a high-gain antenna. Typical choice of an operating system is Linux or FreeBSD where open source sniffers (e.g., Kismet) and WEP crackers (e.g., AirSnort) are available. Similar tools (e.g., NetStumbler) that run on Windows are available.
War drivers need to be within the range of an AP or station located on the target network. The range depends on the transmit output power of the AP and the card, and the gain of the antenna. Ordinary access point antennae transmit their signals in all directions. Often, these signals reach beyond the physical boundaries of the intended work area, perhaps to adjacent buildings, floors, and parking lots. With the typical 30mW wireless cards intended for laptops, the range is about 300 feet, but there are in 2004 wireless cards for laptops on the market that have 200mW. Directional high-gain antennae and an RF-amplifier can dramatically extend the range.
Wireless networks broadcast their packets using radio frequency or optical wavelengths. A modern laptop computer can listen in. Worse, an attacker can manufacture new packets on the fly and persuade wireless stations to accept his packets as legitimate.
We use the term hacking as described below.
hacker n. [originally, someone who makes furniture with an axe] 1. A person who enjoys exploring the details of programmable systems and how to stretch their capabilities, as opposed to most users, who prefer to learn only the minimum necessary. 2. One who programs enthusiastically (even obsessively) or who enjoys programming rather than just theorizing about programming. 3. A person capable of appreciating hack value. 4. A person who is good at programming quickly. 5. An expert at a particular program, or one who frequently does work using it or on it; as in `a Unix hacker'. (Definitions 1 through 5 are correlated, and people who fit them congregate.) 6. An expert or enthusiast of any kind. One might be an astronomy hacker, for example. 7. One who enjoys the intellectual challenge of creatively overcoming or circumventing limitations. 8. [deprecated] A malicious meddler who tries to discover sensitive information by poking around. Hence `password hacker', `network hacker'. The correct term for this sense is cracker.
From The Jargon Dictionary http://info.astrian.net/jargon/
This article describes IEEE 802.11-specific hacking techniques that attackers have used, and suggests various defensive measures. It is not an overview of security features proposed in WPA or IEEE 802.11i. We do not consider legal implications, or the intent behind such hacking, whether malevolent or benevolent. The article’s focus is in describing techniques, methods, analyses and uses in ways unintended by the designers of IEEE 802.11.
2. Wireless LAN Overview
In this section, we give a brief overview of wireless LAN (WLAN) while emphasizing the features that help an attacker. We assume that the reader is familiar with the TCP/IP suite (see, e.g., [Mateti 2003]).
IEEE 802.11 refers to a family of specifications (www.ieee802.org/11/) developed by the IEEE for over-the-air interface between a wireless client and an AP or between two wireless clients. To be called 802.11 devices, they must conform to the Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer specifications. The IEEE 802.11 standard covers the Physical (Layer 1) and Data Link (Layer 2) layers of the OSI Model. In this article, we are mainly concerned with the MAC layer and not the variations of the physical layer known as 802.11a/b/g.
2.1 Stations and Access Points
A wireless network interface card (adapter) is a device, called a station, providing the network physical layer over a radio link to another station. An access point (AP) is a station that provides frame distribution service to stations associated with it. The AP itself is typically connected by wire to a LAN.The station and AP each contain a network interface that has a Media Access Control (MAC) address, just as wired network cards do. This address is a world-wide-unique 48-bit number, assigned to it at the time of manufacture. The 48-bit address is often represented as a string of six octets separated by colons (e.g., 00:02:2D:17:B9:E8) or hyphens (e.g., 00-02-2D-17-B9-E8). While the MAC address as assigned by the manufacturer is printed on the device, the address can be changed in software. Each AP has a 0 to 32 byte long Service Set Identifier (SSID) that is also commonly called a network name. The SSID is used to segment the airwaves for usage. If two wireless networks are physically close, the SSIDs label the respective networks, and allow the components of one network to ignore those of the other. SSIDs can also be mapped to virtual LANs; thus, some APs support multiple SSIDs. Unlike fully qualified host names (e.g., gamma.cs.wright.edu), SSIDs are not registered, and it is possible that two unrelated networks use the same SSID.
2.2 Channels
The stations communicate with each other using radio frequencies between 2.4 GHz and 2.5 GHz. Neighboring channels are only 5 MHz apart. Two wireless networks using neighboring channels may interfere with each other.
2.3 WEP
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) is a shared-secret key encryption system used to encrypt packets transmitted between a station and an AP. The WEP algorithm is intended to protect wireless communication from eavesdropping. A secondary function of WEP is to prevent unauthorized access to a wireless network. WEP encrypts the payload of data packets. Management and control frames are always transmitted in the clear. WEP uses the RC4 encryption algorithm. The shared-secret key is either 40 or 104 bits long. The key is chosen by the system administrator. This key must be shared among all the stations and the AP using mechanisms that are not specified in the IEEE 802.11.
2.4 Infrastructure and Ad Hoc Modes
A wireless network operates in one of two modes. In the ad hoc mode, each station is a peer to the other stations and communicates directly with other stations within the network. No AP is involved. All stations can send Beacon and Probe frames. The ad hoc mode stations form an Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS).
A station in the infrastructure mode communicates only with an AP. Basic Service Set (BSS) is a set of stations that are logically associated with each other and controlled by a single AP. Together they operate as a fully connected wireless network. The BSSID is a 48-bit number of the same format as a MAC address. This field uniquely identifies each BSS. The value of this field is the MAC address of the AP.
2.5 Frames
Both the station and AP radiate and gather 802.11 frames as needed. The format of frames is illustrated below. Most of the frames contain IP packets. The other frames are for the management and control of the wireless connection.
There are three classes of frames. The management frames establish and maintain communications. These are of Association request, Association response, Reassociation request, Reassociation response, Probe request, Probe response, Beacon, Announcement traffic indication message, Disassociation, Authentication, Deauthentication types. The SSID is part of several of the management frames. Management messages are always sent in the clear, even when link encryption (WEP or WPA) is used, so the SSID is visible to anyone who can intercept these frames.
The control frames help in the delivery of data.
The data frames encapsulate the OSI Network Layer packets. These contain the source and destination MAC address, the BSSID, and the TCP/IP datagram. The payload part of the datagram is WEP-encrypted.
2.6 Authentication
Authentication is the process of proving identity of a station to another station or AP. In the open system authentication, all stations are authenticated without any checking. A station A sends an Authentication management frame that contains the identity of A, to station B. Station B replies with a frame that indicates recognition, addressed to A. In the closed network architecture, the stations must know the SSID of the AP in order to connect to the AP. The shared key authentication uses a standard challenge and response along with a shared secret key.
2.7 Association
Data can be exchanged between the station and AP only after a station is associated with an AP in the infrastructure mode or with another station in the ad hoc mode. All the APs transmit Beacon frames a few times each second that contain the SSID, time, capabilities, supported rates, and other information. Stations can chose to associate with an AP based on the signal strength etc. of each AP. Stations can have a null SSID that is considered to match all SSIDs.The association is a two-step process. A station that is currently unauthenticated and unassociated listens for Beacon frames. The station selects a BSS to join. The station and the AP mutually authenticate themselves by exchanging Authentication management frames. The client is now authenticated, but unassociated. In the second step, the station sends an Association Request frame, to which the AP responds with an Association Response frame that includes an Association ID to the station. The station is now authenticated and associated.A station can be authenticated with several APs at the same time, but associated with at most one AP at any time. Association implies authentication. There is no state where a station is associated but not authenticated.
3. Wireless Network Sniffing
Sniffing is eavesdropping on the network. A (packet) sniffer is a program that intercepts and decodes network traffic broadcast through a medium. Sniffing is the act by a machine S of making copies of a network packet sent by machine A intended to be received by machine B. Such sniffing, strictly speaking, is not a TCP/IP problem, but it is enabled by the choice of broadcast media, Ethernet and 802.11, as the physical and data link layers.Sniffing has long been a reconnaissance technique used in wired networks. Attackers sniff the frames necessary to enable the exploits described in later sections. Sniffing is the underlying technique used in tools that monitor the health of a network. Sniffing can also help find the easy kill as in scanning for open access points that allow anyone to connect, or capturing the passwords used in a connection session that does not even use WEP, or in telnet, rlogin and ftp connections. It is easier to sniff wireless networks than wired ones. It is easy to sniff the wireless traffic of a building by setting shop in a car parked in a lot as far away as a mile, or while driving around the block. In a wired network, the attacker must find a way to install a sniffer on one or more of the hosts in the targeted subnet. Depending on the equipment used in a LAN, a sniffer needs to be run either on the victim machine whose traffic is of interest or on some other host in the same subnet as the victim. An attacker at large on the Internet has other techniques that make it possible to install a sniffer remotely on the victim machine.
3.1 Passive Scanning
Scanning is the act of sniffing by tuning to various radio channels of the devices. A passive network scanner instructs the wireless card to listen to each channel for a few messages. This does not reveal the presence of the scanner.An attacker can passively scan without transmitting at all. Several modes of a station permit this. There is a mode called RF monitor mode that allows every frame appearing on a channel to be copied as the radio of the station tunes to various channels. This is analogous to placing a wired Ethernet card in promiscuous mode. This mode is not enabled by default. Some wireless cards on the market today have disabled this feature in the default firmware. One can buy wireless cards whose firmware and corresponding driver software together permit reading of all raw 802.11 frames. A station in monitor mode can capture packets without associating with an AP or ad-hoc network. The so-called promiscuous mode allows the capture of all wireless packets of an associated network. In this mode, packets cannot be read until authentication and association are completed.
An example sniffer is Kismet (http://www.kismetwireless.net/). An example wireless card that permits RF monitor modes is Cisco Aironet AIR-PCM342.
3.2 Detection of SSID
The attacker can discover the SSID of a network usually by passive scanning because the SSID occurs in the following frame types: Beacon, Probe Requests, Probe Responses, Association Requests, and Reassociation Requests. Recall that management frames are always in the clear, even when WEP is enabled.On a number of APs, it is possible to configure so that the SSID transmitted in the Beacon frames is masked, or even turn off Beacons altogether. The SSID shown in the Beacon frames is set to null in the hope of making the WLAN invisible unless a client already knows the correct SSID. In such a case, a station wishing to join a WLAN begins the association process by sending Probe Requests since it could not detect any APs via Beacons that match its SSID.
If the Beacons are not turned off, and the SSID in them is not set to null, an attacker obtains the SSID included in the Beacon frame by passive scanning.
When the Beacon displays a null SSID, there are two possibilities. Eventually, an Associate Request may appear from a legitimate station that already has a correct SSID. To such a request, there will be an Associate Response frame from the AP. Both frames will contain the SSID in the clear, and the attacker sniffs these. If the station wishes to join any available AP, it sends Probe Requests on all channels, and listens for Probe Responses that contain the SSIDs of the APs. The station considers all Probe Responses, just as it would have with the non-empty SSID Beacon frames, to select an AP. Normal association then begins. The attacker waits to sniff these Probe Responses and extract the SSIDs.
If Beacon transmission is disabled, the attacker has two choices. The attacker can keep sniffing waiting for a voluntary Associate Request to appear from a legitimate station that already has a correct SSID and sniff the SSID as described above. The attacker can also chose to actively probe by injecting frames that he constructs, and then sniffs the response as described in a later section.
When the above methods fail, SSID discovery is done by active scanning (see Section 5).
3.3 Collecting the MAC Addresses
The attacker gathers legitimate MAC addresses for use later in constructing spoofed frames. The source and destination MAC addresses are always in the clear in all the frames. There are two reasons why an attacker would collect MAC addresses of stations and APs participating in a wireless network. (1) The attacker wishes to use these values in spoofed frames so that his station or AP is not identified. (2) The targeted AP may be controlling access by filtering out frames with MAC addresses that were not registered.
3.4 Collecting the Frames for Cracking WEP
The goal of an attacker is to discover the WEP shared-secret key. Often, the shared key can be discovered by guesswork based on a certain amount of social engineering regarding the administrator who configures the wireless LAN and all its users. Some client software stores the WEP keys in the operating system registry or initialization scripts. In the following, we assume that the attacker was unsuccessful in obtaining the key in this manner. The attacker then employs systematic procedures in cracking the WEP. For this purpose, a large number (millions) of frames need to be collected because of the way WEP works.The wireless device generates on the fly an Initialization Vector (IV) of 24-bits. Adding these bits to the shared-secret key of either 40 or 104 bits, we often speak of 64-, or 128-bit encryption. WEP generates a pseudo-random key stream from the shared secret key and the IV. The CRC-32 checksum of the plain text, known as the Integrity Check (IC) field, is appended to the data to be sent. It is then exclusive-ORed with the pseudo-random key stream to produce the cipher text. The IV is appended in the clear to the cipher text and transmitted. The receiver extracts the IV, uses the secret key to re-generate the random key stream, and exclusive-ORs the received cipher text to yield the original plaintext.Certain cards are so simplistic that they start their IV as 0 and increment it by 1 for each frame, resetting in between for some events. Even the better cards generate weak IVs from which the first few bytes of the shared key can be computed after statistical analyses. Some implementations generate fewer mathematically weak vectors than others do.
The attacker sniffs a large number of frames from a single BSS. These frames all use the same key. The mathematics behind the systematic computation of the secret shared key from a collection of cipher text extracted from these frames is described elsewhere in this volume. What is needed however is a collection of frames that were encrypted using “mathematically-weak” IVs. The number of encrypted frames that were mathematically weak is a small percentage of all frames. In a collection of a million frames, there may only be a hundred mathematically weak frames. It is conceivable that the collection may take a few hours to several days depending on how busy the WLAN is.
Given a sufficient number of mathematically weak frames, the systematic computation that exposes the bytes of the secret key is intensive. However, an attacker can employ powerful computers. On an average PC, this may take a few seconds to hours. The storage of the large numbers of frames is in the several hundred-mega bytes to a few giga bytes range.
An example of a WEP cracking tool is AirSnort ( http://airsnort.shmoo.com ).
3.5 Detection of the Sniffers
Detecting the presence of a wireless sniffer, who remains radio-silent, through network security measures is virtually impossible. Once the attacker begins probing (i.e., by injecting packets), the presence and the coordinates of the wireless device can be detected.
4. Wireless Spoofing
There are well-known attack techniques known as spoofing in both wired and wireless networks. The attacker constructs frames by filling selected fields that contain addresses or identifiers with legitimate looking but non-existent values, or with values that belong to others. The attacker would have collected these legitimate values through sniffing.
4.1 MAC Address Spoofing
The attacker generally desires to be hidden. But the probing activity injects frames that are observable by system administrators. The attacker fills the Sender MAC Address field of the injected frames with a spoofed value so that his equipment is not identified.Typical APs control access by permitting only those stations with known MAC addresses. Either the attacker has to compromise a computer system that has a station, or he spoofs with legitimate MAC addresses in frames that he manufactures. MAC addresses are assigned at the time of manufacture, but setting the MAC address of a wireless card or AP to an arbitrary chosen value is a simple matter of invoking an appropriate software tool that engages in a dialog with the user and accepts values. Such tools are routinely included when a station or AP is purchased. The attacker, however, changes the MAC address programmatically, sends several frames with that address, and repeats this with another MAC address. In a period of a second, this can happen several thousand times.When an AP is not filtering MAC addresses, there is no need for the attacker to use legitimate MACaddresses. However, in certain attacks, the attacker needs to have a large number of MAC addresses than he could collect by sniffing. Random MAC addresses are generated. However, not every random sequence of six bytes is a MAC address. The IEEE assigns globally the first three bytes, and the manufacturer chooses the last three bytes. The officially assigned numbers are publicly available. The attacker generates a random MAC address by selecting an IEEE-assigned three bytes appended with an additional three random bytes.
4.2 IP spoofing
Replacing the true IP address of the sender (or, in rare cases, the destination) with a different address is known as IP spoofing. This is a necessary operation in many attacks.The IP layer of the OS simply trusts that the source address, as it appears in an IP packet is valid. It assumes that the packet it received indeed was sent by the host officially assigned that source address. Because the IP layer of the OS normally adds these IP addresses to a data packet, a spoofer must circumvent the IP layer and talk directly to the raw network device. Note that the attacker’s machine cannot simply be assigned the IP address of another host X using ifconfig or a similar configuration tool. Other hosts, as well as X, will discover (through ARP, for example) that there are two machines with the same IP address.
IP spoofing is an integral part of many attacks. For example, an attacker can silence a host A from sending further packets to B by sending a spoofed packet announcing a window size of zero to A as though it originated from B.
4.3 Frame Spoofing
The attacker will inject frames that are valid by 802.11 specifications, but whose content is carefully spoofed as described above.Frames themselves are not authenticated in 802.11 networks. So when a frame has a spoofed source address, it cannot be detected unless the address is wholly bogus. If the frame to be spoofed is a management or control frame, there is no encryption to deal with. If it is a data frame, perhaps as part of an on-going MITM attack, the data payload must be properly encrypted.
Construction of the byte stream that constitutes a spoofed frame is a programming matter once the attacker has gathered the needed information through sniffing and probing. There are software libraries that ease this task. Examples of such libraries are libpcap (sourceforge.net/projects/libpcap/), libnet (libnet.sourceforge.net/), libdnet (libdnet. sourceforge.net/) and libradiate (www.packetfactory.net/projects/libradiate/ ).
The difficulty here is not in the construction of the contents of the frame, but in getting, it radiated (transmitted) by the station or an AP. This requires control over the firmware and driver of the wireless card that may sanitize certain fields of a frame. Therefore, the attacker selects his equipment carefully. Currently, there are off-the-shelf wireless cards that can be manipulated. In addition, the construction of special purpose wireless cards is within the reach of a resourceful attacker.
5. Wireless Network Probing
Even though the attacker gathers considerable amount of information regarding a wireless network through sniffing, without revealing his wireless presence at all, there are pieces that may still be missing. The attacker then sends artificially constructed packets to a target that trigger useful responses. This activity is known as probing or active scanning.
The target may discover that it is being probed, it might even be a honey pot (www.honeynet.org/) target carefully constructed to trap the attacker. The attacker would try to minimize this risk.
5.1 Detection of SSID
Detection of SSID is often possible by simply sniffing Beacon frames as describe in a previous section.
If Beacon transmission is disabled, and the attacker does not wish to patiently wait for a voluntary Associate Request to appear from a legitimate station that already has a correct SSID, or Probe Requests from legitimate stations, he will resort to probing by injecting a Probe Request frame that contains a spoofed source MAC address. The Probe Response frame from the APs will contain, in the clear, the SSID and other information similar to that in the Beacon frames were they enabled. The attacker sniffs these Probe Responses and extracts the SSIDs.
Some models of APs have an option to disable responding to Probe Requests that do not contain the correct SSID. In this case, the attacker determines a station associated with the AP, and sends the station a forged Disassociation frame where the source MAC address is set to that of the AP. The station will send a Reassociation Request that exposes the SSID.
5.2 Detection of APs and stations
Every AP is a station, so SSIDs, MAC addresses are gathered as described above.
Certain bits in the frames identify that the frame is from an AP. If we assume that WEP is either disabled or cracked, the attacker can also gather the IP addresses of the AP and the stations.
5.3 Detection of Probing
Detection of probing is possible. The frames that an attacker injects can also be heard by the intrusion detection systems (IDS) of hardened wireless LAN. There is GPS-enabled equipment that can identify the physical coordinates of a wireless device through which the probe frames are being transmitted.
6. AP Weaknesses
APs have weaknesses that are both due to design mistakes and user interfaces that promote weak passwords, etc. It has been demonstrated by many publicly conducted war-driving efforts (http://www.worldwidewardrive.org/) in major cities around the world that a large majority of the deployed APs are poorly configured, most with WEP disabled, and configuration defaults, as set up the manufacturer, untouched.
6.1 Configuration
The default WEP keys used are often too trivial. Different APs use different techniques to convert the user’s key board input into a bit vector. Usually 5 or 13 ASCII printable characters are directly mapped by concatenating their ASCII 8-bit codes into a 40-bit or 104-bit WEP key. A stronger key can be constructed from an input of 26 hexadecimal digits. It is possible to form an even stronger104 bit WEP key by truncating the MD5 hash of an arbitrary length pass phrase.
6.2 Defeating MAC Filtering
Typical APs permit access to only those stations with known MAC addresses. This is easily defeated by the attacker who spoofs his frames with a MAC address that is registered with the AP from among the ones that he collected through sniffing. That a MAC address is registered can be detected by observing the frames from the AP to the stations.
6.3 Rogue AP
Access points that are installed without proper authorization and verification that overall security policy is obeyed are called rogue APs. These are installed and used by valid users. Such APs are configured poorly, and attackers will find them.
6.4 Trojan AP
An attacker sets up an AP so that the targeted station receives a stronger signal from it than what it receives from a legitimate AP. If WEP is enabled, the attacker would have already cracked it. A legitimate user selects the Trojan AP because of the stronger signal, authenticates and associates. The Trojan AP is connected to a system that collects the IP traffic for later analyses. It then transmits all the frames to a legitimate AP so that the victim user does not recognize the on-going MITM attack. The attacker can steal the users password, network access, compromise the user’s system to give himself root access. This attack is called the Evil Twin Attack.
It is easy to build a Trojan AP because an AP is a computer system optimized for its intended application. A general purpose PC with a wireless card can be turned into a capable AP. An example of such software is HostAP (http://hostap.epitest.fi/ ). Such a Trojaned AP would be formidable.
6.5 Equipment Flaws
A search on http://www.securityfocus.com/ with “access point vulnerabilities” will show that numerous flaws in equipment from well-known manufacturers are known. For example, one such AP crashes when a frame is sent to it that has the spoofed source MAC address of itself. Another AP features an embedded TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server. By requesting a file named config.img via TFTP, an attacker receives the binary image of the AP configuration. The image includes the administrator’s password required by the HTTP user interface, the WEP encryption keys, MAC address, and SSID. Yet another AP returns the WEP keys, MAC filter list, administrator’s password when sent a UDP packet to port 27155 containing the string “gstsearch”.
It is not clear how these flaws were discovered. The following is a likely procedure. Most manufacturers design their equipment so that its firmware can be flashed with a new and improved one in the field. The firmware images are downloaded from the manufacturers’ web site. The CPU used in the APs can be easily recognized, and the firmware can be systematically disassembled revealing the flaws at the assembly language level.
Comprehensive lists of such equipment flaws are likely circulating among the attackers
7. Denial of Service
A denial of service (DoS) occurs when a system is not providing services to authorized clients because of resource exhaustion by unauthorized clients. In wireless networks, DoS attacks are difficult to prevent, difficult to stop an on-going attack and the victim and its clients may not even detect the attacks. The duration of such DoS may range from milliseconds to hours. A DoS attack against an individual station enables session hijacking.
7.1 Jamming the Air Waves
A number of consumer appliances such as microwave ovens, baby monitors, and cordless phones operate on the unregulated 2.4GHz radio frequency. An attacker can unleash large amounts of noise using these devices and jam the airwaves so that the signal to noise drops so low, that the wireless LAN ceases to function. The only solution to this is RF proofing the surrounding environment.
7.2 Flooding with Associations
The AP inserts the data supplied by the station in the Association Request into a table called the association table that the AP maintains in its memory. The IEEE 802.11 specifies a maximum value of 2007 concurrent associations to an AP. The actual size of this table varies among different models of APs. When this table overflows, the AP would refuse further clients.
Having cracked WEP, an attacker authenticates several non-existing stations using legitimate-looking but randomly generated MAC addresses. The attacker then sends a flood of spoofed associate requests so that the association table overflows.
Enabling MAC filtering in the AP will prevent this attack.
7.3 Forged Dissociation
The attacker sends a spoofed Disassociation frame where the source MAC address is set to that of the AP. The station is still authenticated but needs only to reassociate and sends Reassociation Requests to the AP. The AP may send a Reassociation Response accepting the station and the station can then resume sending data. To prevent Reassociation, the attacker continues to send Disassociation frames for a desired period.
7.4 Forged Deauthentication
The attacker monitors all raw frames collecting the source and destination MAC addresses to verify that they are among the targeted victims. When a data or Association Response frame is observed, the attacker sends a spoofed Deauthentication frame where the source MAC address is spoofed to that of the AP. The station is now unassociated and unauthenticated, and needs to reconnect. To prevent a reconnection, the attacker continues to send Deauthentication frames for a desired period. The attacker may even rate limit the Deauthentication frames to avoid overloading an already congested network.
The mischievous packets of Disassociation and Deauthentication are sent directly to the client, so these will not be logged by the AP or IDS, and neither MAC filtering nor WEP protection will prevent it.
7.5 Power Saving
Power conservation is important for typical station laptops, so they frequently enter an 802.11 state called Doze. An attacker can steal packets intended for a station while the station is in the Doze state.
The 802.11 protocol requires a station to inform the AP through a successful frame exchange that it wishes to enter the Doze state from the Active state.
Periodically the station awakens and sends a PS-Poll frame to the AP. The AP will transmit in response the packets that were buffered for the station while it was dozing. This polling frame can be spoofed by an attacker causing the AP to send the collected packets and flush its internal buffers. An attacker can repeat these polling messages so that when the legitimate station periodically awakens and polls, AP will inform that there are no pending packets.
8. Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack refers to the situation where an attacker on host X inserts X between all communications between hosts B and C, and neither B nor C is aware of the presence of X. All messages sent by B do reach C but via X, and vice versa. The attacker can merely observe the communication or modify it before sending it out. An MITM attack can break connections that are otherwise secure. At the TCP level, SSH and VPN, e.g., are prone to this attack.
8.1 Wireless MIT
Assume that station B was authenticated with C, a legitimate AP. Attacker X is a laptop with two wireless cards. Through one card, he will present X as an AP. Attacker X sends Deauthentication frames to B using the C’s MAC address as the source, and the BSSID he has collected. B gets deauthenticated and begins a scan for an AP and may find X on a channel different from C. There is a race condition between X and C. If B associates with X, the MITM attack succeeded. X will re-transmit the frames it receives from B to C, and the frames it receives from C to B after suitable modifications.
The package of tools called AirJack (http://802.11ninja.net/airjack/) includes a program called monkey_jack that automates the MITM attack. This is programmed well so that the odds of it winning in the race condition mentioned above are improved.
8.2 ARP Poisoning
ARP cache poisoning is an old problem in wired networks. Wired networks have deployed mitigating techniques. But, the ARP poisoning technique is re-enabled in the presence of APs that are connected to a switch/hub along with other wired clients.
ARP is used to determine the MAC address of a device whose IP address is known. The translation is performed with a table look-up. The ARP cache accumulates as the host continues to network. If the ARP cache does not have an entry for an IP address, the outgoing IP packet is queued, and an ARP Request packet that effectively requests “If your IP address matches this target IP address, then please let me know what your Ethernet address is” is broadcast. The host with the target IP is expected to respond with an ARP Reply, which contains the MAC address of the host. Once the table is updated because of receiving this response, all the queued IP packets can now be sent. The entries in the table expire after a set time in order to account for possible hardware address changes for the same IP address. This change may have happened, e.g., due to the NIC being replaced.
Unfortunately, the ARP does not provide for any verification that the responses are from valid hosts or that it is receiving a spurious response as if it has sent an ARP Request. ARP poisoning is an attack technique exploiting this lack of verification. It corrupts the ARP cache that the OS maintains with wrong MAC addresses for some IP addresses. An attacker accomplishes this by sending an ARP Reply packet that is deliberately constructed with a “wrong” MAC address. The ARP is a stateless protocol. Thus, a machine receiving an ARP Reply cannot determine if the response is due to a request it sent or not.
ARP poisoning is one of the techniques that enables the man-in-the-middle attack. An attacker on machine X inserts himself between two hosts B and C by (i) poisoning B so that C’s IP address is associated with X’s MAC address, (ii) poisoning C so that B’s address is associated with X’s MAC address, and (iii) relaying the packets X receives.
The ARP poison attack is applicable to all hosts in a subnet. Most APs act as transparent MAC layer bridges, and so all stations associated with it are vulnerable. If an access point is connected directly to a hub or a switch without an intervening router/firewall, then all hosts connected to that hub or switch are susceptible also. Note that recent devices aimed at the home consumer market combine a network switch with may be four or five ports, an AP, a router and a DSL/cable modem connecting to the Internet at large. Internally, the AP is connected to the switch. As a result, an attacker on a wireless station can become a MITM between two wired hosts, one wired one wireless, or both wireless hosts.
The tool called Ettercap ((http://ettercap.sourceforge.net/) is capable of performing ARP poisoning.
8.3 Session Hijacking
Session hijacking occurs in the context of a “user”, whether human or computer. The user has an on-going connection with a server. Hijacking is said to occur when an attacker causes the user to lose his connection, and the attacker assumes his identity and privileges for a period.
An attacker disables temporarily the user’s system, say by a DoS attack or a buffer overflow exploit. The attacker then takes the identity of the user. The attacker now has all the access that the user has. When he is done, he stops the DoS attack, and lets the user resume. The user may not detect the interruption if the disruption lasts no more than a couple of seconds. Such hijacking can be achieved by using forged Disassociation DoS attack.
Corporate wireless networks are often set up so that the user is directed to an authentication server when his station attempts a connection with an AP. After the authentication, the attacker employs the session hijacking described above using spoofed MAC addresses.
9. War Driving
Equipped with wireless devices and related tools, and driving around in a vehicle or parking at interesting places with a goal of discovering easy-to-get-into wireless networks is known as war driving. War-drivers (http://www.wardrive.net/) define war driving as “The benign act of locating and logging wireless access points while in motion.” This benign act is of course useful to the attackers.
9.1 War chalking
War chalking is the practice of marking sidewalks and walls with special symbols to indicate that wireless access is nearby so that others do not need to go through the trouble of the same discovery. A search on http://www.google.com/ with key words “war driving maps” will produce a large number of hits. Yahoo! Maps can show "Wi-fi Hotspots" near an address you give.
9.2 Typical Equipment
The typical war driving equipment consists of a laptop computer system or a PDA with a wireless card, a GPS, and a high-gain antenna. Typical choice of an operating system is Linux or FreeBSD where open source sniffers (e.g., Kismet) and WEP crackers (e.g., AirSnort) are available. Similar tools (e.g., NetStumbler) that run on Windows are available.
War drivers need to be within the range of an AP or station located on the target network. The range depends on the transmit output power of the AP and the card, and the gain of the antenna. Ordinary access point antennae transmit their signals in all directions. Often, these signals reach beyond the physical boundaries of the intended work area, perhaps to adjacent buildings, floors, and parking lots. With the typical 30mW wireless cards intended for laptops, the range is about 300 feet, but there are in 2004 wireless cards for laptops on the market that have 200mW. Directional high-gain antennae and an RF-amplifier can dramatically extend the range.
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